Boot Trace in Windows 11: Cikakken jagora don nazarin tafiyar matakai

Idan kwamfutarka ta Windows 11 ta ɗauka har abada don yin taya, ko kuma ka lura cewa bayan shiga, tebur ɗin ya daskare na ɗan lokaci, yana iya zama lokaci don yin ... Cikakken alamar tayaBa sihiri ba ne: game da yin rikodin dalla-dalla abin da tsarin aiki, direbobinsa, da wasu shirye-shirye suke yi daga lokacin da kuka danna maɓallin wuta har sai kun fara aiki akai-akai.

Tsarin kanta ya ƙunshi kayan aiki masu ƙarfi don yin rikodin wannan bayanin, amma suna ɗan ɓoye kuma amfanin su ba koyaushe bane a bayyane. Bugu da ƙari, tare da el tiempo Yana cikawa Junk na dijital: shirye-shiryen farawa, kukis, fayilolin wucin gadi, da ragowar abubuwan sabuntawa wanda ba daidai yake taimakawa tare da lokacin taya mai sauri ba. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu ga yadda ake ɗaukar Boot Trace a cikin Windows 11 tare da Rikodin Ayyukan Windows, wane irin rawar da ake bi kamar wasan logger na duniya, da ƙarin saitunan da zaku iya amfani da su don rage hadarurruka lokacin rufewa ko sake farawa.

Menene Boot Trace a cikin Windows 11 kuma menene amfani dashi?

A Boot Trace a cikin Windows 11 shine ainihin a cikakken cikakken rikodin tsarin tayaWindows yana da abubuwan gano software na ciki waɗanda ke da ikon yin rikodin abin da kernel ke yi, abin da aka ɗora wa direbobi, waɗanne ayyuka suke farawa, da kuma yadda sauran masu samar da taron ke nunawa yayin matakan farawa daban-daban.

Duk wannan tsarin ya dogara da shi Binciko abubuwan da suka faru don Windows (ETW)Wannan ita ce fasahar gano taron da Microsoft ta yi amfani da ita tsawon shekaru don gano matsalolin aiki. Maimakon shigar da kayan aikin waje da ba a saba gani ba, yana kunna zaman bincike na musamman waɗanda ke yin rikodin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin fayil ɗin log, yawanci tare da tsawo na .etl, wanda aka bincika tare da takamaiman kayan aiki.

Yayin farawa, zaku iya amfani da hanyoyin bin diddigi daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi shine dogara ga zaman bibiyar magatakarda na duniyaWannan zaman yana farawa da wuri a cikin tsarin taya kuma yana ba da damar ɗaukar mahimman bayanai tun kafin a fara yawancin ayyuka. Koyaya, wannan zaman yana da iyakoki masu mahimmanci (kamar adadin masu samar da aiki lokaci guda ko girman ma'auni), don haka yana da mahimmanci a fahimce su sosai kafin amfani da shi ba tare da nuna bambanci ba.

Kyakkyawan Boot Trace shine ba wai kawai ya gaya muku "PC ɗinku yana ɗaukar daƙiƙa 80 don yin taya ba," amma yana nuna muku daidai. Wane direba, sabis, ko aikace-aikacen ke jinkirta farawa?, idan akwai kunkuntar faifai, idan Explorer ya ɗauki tsayi da yawa don ɗauka bayan shiga, ko kuma idan wasu software na ɓangare na uku suna toshewa ko sake farawa.

Kayan aikin da ake buƙata: Windows ADK da Kayan aikin Ayyukan Windows

Don ɗaukar Boot Trace na zamani a cikin Windows 11, zaɓin shawarar shine a yi amfani da Windows Performance Recorder (WPR), wanda wani bangare ne na Kayan aikin Ayyukan Windows (WPT)Wannan, bi da bi, an haɗa shi a cikin Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit, wanda aka fi sani da Windows ADK.

Ana sauke ADK daga gidan yanar gizon Microsoft na hukuma ta amfani da sabunta hanyoyin saukewa wadanda galibi ana hada su a karkashin gajeriyar hanyar http://aka.ms/adk. Don mahallin layi ko lokacin da kake son ci gaba da mai sakawa, Microsoft kuma yana ba da sigar layi ta layi, misali ADK 21H2 mai dacewa da Windows 10 da Windows 11, waɗanda zaku iya samu azaman cikakkiyar fakitin zazzagewa.

A lokacin shigarwa ADK, yana da matukar mahimmanci cewa, idan kawai kuna son yin aiki tare da Boot Traces da bincike na aiki, kawai zaɓi fasalin. Kayan aikin WindowsMai sakawa ya haɗa da ƙarin ƙarin gwaji, turawa, da kayan aikin kimantawa waɗanda ba kwa buƙatar wannan yanayin, saboda haka zaku iya barin su duka ba zaɓaɓɓu ba don adana sarari da lokaci.

Da zarar an gama zazzagewa da shigarwa, masu aiwatar da WPT galibi za su bayyana a hanya C: \ Fayilolin Shirin (x86) \ Windows Kits \ 10 \ Kayan aikin Ayyukan WindowsA cikin wannan babban fayil za ku sami, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, WPR.exe (mai rikodin), WPA.exe (analyzer), da kuma kayan aiki kamar XPerf. Ya zama gama gari don ƙirƙirar gajeriyar hanya zuwa WPR akan tebur don kada ku kewaya cikin manyan fayiloli kowane lokaci.

A wasu lokuta, ana matse dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin wannan babban fayil ɗin cikin fayil ɗin ZIP kuma ana rarraba su a ciki, ta yadda za ku iya. Gudun WPR da WPA ba tare da sake shigar da duk ADK ba akan kowace inji. Kawai cire kunshin zuwa kowane wuri kuma kaddamar da kayan aikin daga can, koyaushe tare da isassun izini.

Yadda ake ƙirƙirar Boot Trace tare da Rikodin Ayyukan Windows a cikin Windows 11

Don kama ainihin Boot Trace a cikin Windows 11 tare da WPR, mataki na farko shine gudu WPR.exe tare da gata mai gudanarwaKuna iya yin haka daga menu na Fara ta buga "Windows Performance Recorder", danna-dama kuma zaɓi "Gudun azaman mai gudanarwa", ko ƙaddamar da aiwatarwa kai tsaye daga babban fayil ɗin kayan aiki ta danna-dama kuma zaɓi zaɓi iri ɗaya.

Bayan buɗewa, WPR yana nuna ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun mu'amala mai sauƙi tare da saitunan da aka riga aka ƙayyade. Mafi mahimmanci don manufar mu shine yanayin aikin da ake kira BootAn riga an saita wannan yanayin don yin rikodin bayanan taya na maɓalli: kernel, faifai, CPU, direbobi, ayyuka, da ayyuka bayan shiga.

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce barin sauran zaɓuɓɓuka kamar yadda suke ta tsohuwa, sai dai idan kuna da takamaiman dalilin canza su. WPR yana ba ku damar daidaitawa, alal misali, matakin daki-daki (haske, daki-daki, da sauransu), ko ana tattara tarin kira, da sauran sigogin ci-gaba, amma ga mafi yawan bincikar taya, saitunan tsoho sun isa. shawarar daidaitawa ta kayan aiki da kanta.

Kafin fara bin diddigin, WPR zai tambaye ka ka zaɓi wani wurin da za a ajiye fayil ɗin ETL wanda zai ƙunshi alamar. Yana da kyau a zaɓi tuƙi mai isasshen sarari kyauta kuma ka guje wa jinkirin hanyoyin sadarwar. Ka ba shi suna mai siffatawa, wani abu kamar "BootTrace_W11_DateTime.etl", don kada ku haɗa shi da sauran gwaje-gwajen da kuke yi daga baya.

Lokacin da ka danna "Fara", tsarin zai sanar da kai cewa yana buƙatar sake kunna kwamfutar don fara ɗaukar bayanan taya. Tun daga wannan lokacin. Windows zai rufe kuma zata sake farawa, yana yin rikodin gabaɗayan tsari daki-daki.Kawai kuna buƙatar bari ta sake farawa, sannan ku shiga kamar yadda kuka saba.

Bayan ka shiga, Windows Performance Recorder zai sake farawa ta atomatik bayan ƴan daƙiƙa. Za ku ga ƙaramin taga yana nuna cewa kayan aikin yana tattara bayanai da mai ƙidayar lokaci. Ta hanyar tsoho, yawanci yana jira kusan minti biyu don ba da damar Windows Explorer da sauran ayyukan bayan farawa don kammala lodi, wanda kuma yana taimakawa wajen gano matsalolin lokacin lokacin shiga ba kawai lokacin taya mai tsabta ba.

Lokacin da mai ƙidayar lokaci ya ƙare, WPR yana dakatar da taron ganowa, ya rubuta alamar zuwa fayil ɗin ETL a hanyar da kuka zaɓa, kuma yana nuna saƙon da ke tabbatar da cewa an sami nasarar adana alamar taya. Daga can, zaku iya ... Bude alamar tare da Windows Performance Analyzer don yin nazari, daki-daki, waɗanne sassa na farawa ke cin lokaci ko albarkatu.

Babban saka idanu yayin farawa: zaman logger na duniya da ETW

Bayan Windows Performance Recorder shine tsarin bin diddigin ETW ( Event Tracing for Windows), wanda ke ba ku damar kunna daban-daban. zaman biyo baya waɗanda ke tattara abubuwan da suka faru daga takamaiman sassa: kernel, direbobin na'ura, sabis na tsarin, da sauran masu samarwa na musamman.

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan zama na musamman shine abin da ake kira zaman bibiyar magatakarda na duniya (Zaman Logger na Duniya). Ana iya saita wannan zaman don kunnawa da wuri yayin fara tsarin, tun ma kafin a ɗora duk ayyukan al'ada, yana mai da amfani sosai lokacin da kake son ɗaukar bayanai game da matsalolin da ke faruwa daidai a farkon matakan booting.

Koyaya, mai rejista na duniya yana da iyakoki da yawa waɗanda yakamata ayi la'akari dasu. Misali, adadin masu samar da ETW waɗanda za a iya kunna su lokaci guda A cikin wannan zaman, girman buffer ɗin ƙanƙanta ne, kuma akwai kuma ƙuntatawa akan adadin bayanan da zai iya ɗauka ba tare da rasa abubuwan da suka faru ba. Idan kun kunna masu samar da yawa da yawa ko kuskuren daidaita sigogi, zaku iya ƙare samar da alamun da basu cika ba ko gayye.

Don wannan dalili, Microsoft yana ba da shawarar bayyanawa sosai game da abin da kuke son bincika kafin amfani da logger na duniya. Idan kawai kuna buƙatar ɗaukar alamar takalmi na yau da kullun don auna aikin, daidaitaccen yanayin boot na WPR, wanda ya riga ya haɗu. mafi dacewa kernel da masu samar da direba ba tare da shiga cikin tsattsauran ra'ayi ba.

A cikin ƙarin ci-gaba al'amuran, yana iya yin ma'ana don daidaita zaman ETW da hannu ko tare da rubutun, misali zuwa Kunna takamaiman masu samar da direba mai cin karo da juna ko takamaiman software na ɓangare na ukuDuk da haka, yawancin masu gudanarwa da masu fasaha na tallafi suna gudanar da kyau sosai ta amfani da saitunan da suka zo tare da WPR ba tare da buƙatar shiga cikin cikakkun bayanai na ETW ba.

Junk a farawa: shirye-shiryen farawa da fayilolin wucin gadi

Bayan bin diddigi da nazari, a cikin rayuwa ta ainihi ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da jinkirin fara matsalolin farawa a cikin Windows 11 shine. yawan adadin shirye-shiryen da ke lodawa ta atomatik a farawaTsakanin tsarin kanta, mai kera PC, da abubuwan amfani na hardwareTare da rukunin tsaro, abokan ciniki na aika saƙon, masu ƙaddamar da wasan, da ƙari, yana da sauƙi ga jerin manajan farawa su mamaye allon.

A kan sabbin kwamfutoci da yawa, mai amfani yana kammala saitin farko sannan ya manta da su. Da kyar suke budewa Manajan Aiki don duba abin da ke farawa da Windows, ko kuma ba su ma san akwai shafin Farawa ba. Sakamakon haka shine, a cikin ƴan watanni, kwamfutar kamar ta yi ƙasa sosai fiye da ranar ɗaya, ba tare da mutumin ya fahimci ainihin dalilin da yasa hakan ke faruwa da kusan sabuwar na'ura ba.

Mafi muni, sun taru a kan lokaci. Fayilolin wucin gadi, fayilolin .tmp, cache mai bincike, .tsohuwar sabuntawa, da .log logsDuk wannan abu ba kawai yana ɗaukar sararin faifai ba; a wasu lokuta yana iya tsoma baki tare da tafiyar matakai na kulawa, adanawa ko bincikar riga-kafi, wanda a kaikaice kuma yana rinjayar lokutan taya da rufewa.

Masanin fasaha da ya isa PC ɗin da ke gudana a cikin takun katantanwa yawanci yakan sami dubban ɗaruruwan fayiloli marasa amfani a warwatse cikin tsarin. Tun kafin a fara daidaita tsarin taya tare da Boot Traces da sauran kayan aikin, ya zama ruwan dare a kashe lokaci mai yawa akan... share cookies na bin diddigin, na ɗan lokaci da malware tare da takamaiman kayan aiki irin su anti-spyware kyauta, masu tsabtace faifai, da sake dubawa na manyan manyan fayiloli na hannu.

A gaskiya ma, ba sabon abu ba ne don duk aikin tsaftacewa ya ɗauki sa'o'i a cikin kayan aikin da aka lalace sosai: shigar da kayan aikin da suka daceDuba, cire abubuwan da ba'a so, sannan fara inganta sauran tsarin. Sai kawai lokacin da aka rage fayilolin takarce kuma an dakatar da shirye-shiryen farawa da ba dole ba ne Boot Trace zai fara nuna ainihin bayanai masu amfani don daidaitawa daƙiƙa na ƙarshe na farawa.

Gano matsalar kashewa da sake farawa a cikin Windows 11

A yawancin lokuta, matsalolin da ke haifar da yin la'akari da alamar taya ba'a iyakance ga farawa ba. Hakanan ya zama ruwan dare ga kwamfutar ta sami matsala. An dauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin a kashe, ko bai gama kunnawa ba., sauran makale akan allon "Rufewa" ko "Sake kunnawa" na dogon lokaci har sai mai amfani ya ɗauki gajeriyar hanya kuma ya riƙe maɓallin wuta.

Irin wannan hali yawanci yana nuna cewa wani Bangaren, sabis, ko shirin yana toshe tsarin rufewa.Windows yana ƙoƙarin dakatar da duk ayyuka, sanar da buɗaɗɗen aikace-aikace, da kuma ƙare ayyukan bango. Idan ɗayan waɗannan ya zama mara amsa ko ya rataye yayin ƙoƙarin adana bayanai ko fitar da albarkatun, ana iya barin tsarin gaba ɗaya yana jiran martanin da bai taɓa zuwa ba.

Mataki na farko na ganowa da rage waɗannan yanayi shine aiwatar da abin da aka sani da a Tsaftace tayaBa sabon shigarwa ba ne, kuma ba Yanayin aminciamma hanyar da za a yi booting Windows tare da mafi ƙarancin haɗin direbobi na ɓangare na uku da shirye-shiryen farawa, don bincika ko matsalar ta fito ne daga wani abu da ke lodi ta atomatik.

Hanyar da ta dace ta ƙunshi buɗe akwatin maganganu na "Run" tare da haɗin maɓallin Windows+R, bugawa msconfig kuma danna Shigar. A cikin taga Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin, zaɓi Gabaɗaya shafin kuma duba zaɓin "Zaɓi farawa", cire alamar "Abubuwan farawa" akwatin. Sannan jeka shafin Sabis, sannan ka fara duba akwatin "Boye duk ayyukan Microsoft" (Wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci don gujewa kashe mahimman ayyukan tsarin) sannan danna kan "Kashe duk" don kashe sabis na ɓangare na uku na ɗan lokaci.

Bayan karɓa da sake farawa, Windows za ta yi taya tare da ƙaramin saitin sabis kuma ba tare da yawancin shirye-shiryen ɓangare na uku da aka loda a farawa ba. Daga can, duba idan matsalar rufewa ko jinkirin farawa ta ci gaba. Idan sun ɓace, mataki na gaba mai ma'ana shine sake kunna ƙungiyoyin ayyuka da shirye-shirye ɗaya bayan ɗaya har sai kun gano tushen. menene takamaiman abin da ke haifar da toshewarYana da ɗan wahala tsari, amma yana da tasiri sosai don gano tsangwama.

Yana da kyau a tuna cewa farawa mai tsabta shine a fasahar bincikeBa a yi niyya ba a matsayin hanyar dindindin ta amfani da tsarin, amma a matsayin taimako wajen gano tushen rikici. Da zarar an warware, ana dawo da sabis ɗin da ake buƙata da abubuwan farawa sannu a hankali, ana barin waɗanda aka tabbatar da matsala ko naƙasassu ne kawai.