Yadda ake mayar da ainihin bootloader na Windows bayan shigar da Linux ko wani tsarin aiki

Maido da asalin bootloader na Windows bayan shigar da wani tsarin aiki, kamar Linux, yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi fuskantar wadanda suka yi kokarin yin booting biyu ko kuma cire rarraba Linux daga kwamfutarsu. Ko da yake da farko yana iya zama kamar matsala ba tare da bayyanannen bayani ba, akwai hanyoyi da kayan aiki da yawa don dawo da mai ɗaukar kaya na Windows na asali kuma sake kunna tsarin ku ba tare da ciwon kai ba.

Idan kun gano cewa bayan cire Linux kwamfutarku tana nuna saƙonni kamar "ceto grub" ko kuma kawai ba za ta yi taya ba, kada ku damu: za ku gano mataki-mataki yadda ake dawo da boot ɗin Windows ba tare da rasa bayananku ba ko kuma sake shigar da tsarin gaba ɗaya. Mu yi nazari kan dalilan da suka sa wannan matsalar ke faruwa, umarni da utilities cewa za ka iya amfani da kuma ba shakka duk da dabaru wanda ƙwararrun masu amfani ke amfani da su don magance shi.

Me yasa Windows bootloader ya ɓace lokacin shigar Linux?

Mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da wannan matsala shine shigar da Linux bayan Windows akan kwamfuta ɗaya, ko dai a yanayin boot-boot ko kuma bayan gwada rarraba daban-daban. Lokacin shigar Linux, bootloader na Windows (wanda ake kira Manajan Windows Boot) ta wani bootloader, yawanci GRUB, wanda ke kula da tsarin fara kwamfutar.

Idan kuma ka goge ko cire Linux ba tare da maido da asalin bootloader ba, kwamfutarka za ta yi ƙoƙarin yin taya daga GRUB, wanda babu shi, kuma za ka ci karo da kurakuran taya (kamar “grub ceto” da ake tsoro ko saƙonnin da ke nuna cewa na’urar boot ɗin ba ta wanzu). Hakanan ana iya samun lamuran cin hanci da rashawa na MBR (Master Boot Record) ko ɓangaren EFI akan tsarin UEFI, musamman bayan wasu haɓakawa ko canje-canjen diski.

Takaitacciyar mafita don dawo da bootloader na Windows

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don dawo da bootloader na Windows, dangane da ko tsarin ku yana amfani da BIOS/MGR ko UEFI na gargajiya tare da ɓangaren EFI, da kuma ko kuna iya har yanzu taya Windows ko kuna buƙatar faifan bootable/USB. Suna bayyana komai daga amfani da kayan aikin Windows na asali zuwa amfani da abubuwan amfani na ɓangare na uku.

• Ana dawowa ta amfani da umarni daga diski na shigarwa na Windows.
• Maida bootloader tare da umarni kamar bootrec, diskpart, da bcdedit.
• Cire shigarwar Linux da hannu akan ɓangaren EFI.
• Zaɓuɓɓuka tare da shirye-shiryen taya da kayan aiki kamar EasyBCD, MultiBoot ko FixBootFull.
• Maidowa daga Linux tare da kayan aikin kamar Boot Repair ko ta hanyar gyara fayil ɗin sanyi na GRUB.
• A matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe, sake shigar da Windows.

Zabin 1: Mai da bootloader daga faifan shigarwa na Windows

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta duniya don maido da taya ita ce amfani da Windows na USB ko DVD. Idan ba ku da mai amfani guda ɗaya, zaku iya zazzage hoton ISO na hukuma wanda Microsoft ya bayar kuma ƙirƙirar kafofin watsa labarai masu bootable (kayan aiki kamar Rufus suna sauƙaƙe wannan tsari).

Da zarar an shirya faifai ko USB:

1. Boot kwamfutar daga kafofin watsa labarai na shigarwa. Sanya odar taya a BIOS/UEFI idan ya cancanta.
2. Zaɓi harshen ku da yankin ku kuma zaɓi "Gyara kwamfutarka."
3. Samun dama ga zaɓuɓɓukan gyara matsala kuma zaɓi "Umurnin umarni".
4. Gudanar da umarni:

bootrec /fixmbr

bootrec /fixboot

bootrec /scanos

bootrec /rebuildbcd

Bayan kammala waɗannan matakan, sake kunna kwamfutarka. Idan komai ya yi kyau, za a dawo da kayan aikin boot ɗin Windows kuma za ku iya yin tawa akai-akai.

Ana dawo da bootloader akan tsarin UEFI tare da ɓangaren EFI

A kan kwamfutoci na zamani tare da UEFI, ɓangaren EFI ne ke sarrafa booting, kuma a nan tsarin yana buƙatar ƙarin matakai. Idan har yanzu GRUB yana bayyana bayan cire Linux ko kuna son tsaftace ragowar Linux daga sashin EFI, bi waɗannan matakan:

1. Fara Windows ko amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dawowa.
2. Bude taga umarni da sauri azaman mai gudanarwa.
3. Kaddamar da Diskpart:

diskpart

4. Jera faifai kuma zaɓi daidai, duba:

list disk sa'an nan kuma sel disk X (X, lambar diski)

5. Jera kundin kuma gano ɓangaren EFI:

list vol kuma zaɓi EFI tare da sel vol Y.

Sanya wasiƙar wucin gadi zuwa ɓangaren EFI:

assign letter=Z:

Fitar Diskpart da samun damar ɓangaren da aka sanya:

exit

cd /d Z:\

Tabbatar cewa zaku iya duba babban fayil ɗin EFI:

dir

Shiga cikin babban fayil ɗin EFI kuma share babban fayil ɗin Linux (misali, “ubuntu”):

cd EFI

rmdir /S ubuntu

A ƙarshe, cire harafin da aka sanya wa sashin EFI daga mai sarrafa diski don kiyaye tsarin.

Gyara Windows daga layin umarni idan Windows har yanzu yana farawa

Idan kuna da dama ta al'ada zuwa Windows, zaku iya dawo da bootloader ba tare da wani kayan aikin waje ba:

1. Bude Umurnin Umurni a matsayin mai gudanarwa (Win + R kuma rubuta "cmd").
2. Gudanar da umarni:

bootrec.exe /fixmbr

bootrec.exe /fixboot

Wannan hanya yawanci ya isa a sake rubuta bootloader da sake shigar da Windows azaman farkon bootloader.

Maida Utilities da LiveCD

Akwai fayafai na ceto (LiveCD ko LiveUSB) waɗanda suka haɗa da shirye-shirye don gyara mai ɗaukar boot ɗin Windows ba tare da yin taya daga tsarin ba: Wasu alamu sune:

• EasyBCD
• multiboot
• FixBootFull

Tsarin ya ƙunshi kona hoton zuwa kafofin watsa labaru, yin booting daga gare ta, da yin amfani da shirin don gyara mai ɗaukar kaya. Bayan haka, sake kunna kwamfutarka kuma Windows yakamata yayi lodi daidai.

Kuma idan kuna son ci gaba da taya biyu, kiyaye Windows da Linux aiki

Don kiyaye Windows a matsayin babban manajan taya na farko amma adana Linux akan kwamfutar, yana da kyau a ceci sashin boot ɗin Linux kafin maido da loda Windows.

Daga Linux, gudu:

dd if=/dev/sda3 of=/linux.boot bs=512 count=1

Bayan haka, bayan maido da boot ɗin Windows, da hannu ƙara shigarwar Linux zuwa menu na taya Windows ta amfani da bcdedit. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya zaɓar tsarin da kuke buƙata daga mai sarrafa Windows.

Matakan asali sun haɗa da:

1. Mayar da kayan aikin boot ɗin Windows.
2. Fara Windows kuma buɗe na'urar wasan bidiyo mai gudanarwa.
3. Ƙirƙiri sabon shigarwa don Linux:

bcdedit /create /d "Linux" /application BOOTSECTOR

Sannan saita bangare da hanyar fayil ɗin boot ɗin Linux:

bcdedit /set {ID} device partition=c:

bcdedit /set {ID} path \linux.boot

bcdedit /displayorder {ID} /addlast

bcdedit /timeout 10

Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya zaɓar a farawa ko kuna son loda Windows ko Linux.

Me za ku yi idan ba za ku iya amfani da kayan aikin Windows ba?

Wani lokaci, ba na dawo da USB ko na atomatik utilities ba warware matsalar. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya juya zuwa Linux don sauƙaƙe gyaran. Wasu zaɓuɓɓuka masu amfani:

• Daga Linux, gudu editan rajista don gano shigarwar Windows sannan .
• Amfani "Gyara Boot", mai amfani mai hoto akan Ubuntu da abubuwan da suka samo asali da gyara matsalolin taya da sabunta shigarwar ta atomatik don Windows da Linux.

Don tsarin UEFI, tabbatar da shigar da Windows Boot Manager ba a cire ba, kuma idan ya cancanta, gyara ta ta amfani da kayan aiki kamar Grub Customizer.

Canza tsoho bootloader

Idan kana son Windows ta zama tsohon manajan taya, gudanar da na'ura mai kwakwalwa a matsayin mai gudanarwa:

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \WINDOWS\system32\winload.efi

Wannan zai sa kwamfutar ta shiga kai tsaye cikin Windows, ta ƙetare GRUB ko wasu manajoji.