Yadda ake Gina UTP Crossover Cable don LAN: Cikakken Jagora

Idan kuna tunanin yin naku na USB crossover na UTP, akwai abubuwa biyu da ya kamata ku kiyaye: saya tiyo da aka riga aka haɗa Yawanci yana fitowa a kusan farashi ɗaya Kuma, menene ƙari, kuna adana lokaci da yiwuwar ciwon kai. Duk da haka, akwai yanayi inda kawai dole ne ku yi shi a gida: lokacin da kuke buƙatar tsayin da ba a saba ba, lokacin da wayoyi dole ne su bi ta kunkuntar rafi ko kuma idan ba za ku iya shigar da kantunan bango ba. A waɗannan lokuta, wannan jagorar zai zama da amfani sosai.

Wancan ya ce, gargaɗi na gaskiya ya dace: Shigar da kebul na cibiyar sadarwa ba wawa ba ne, kuma ko da ƙasa da haka idan ba ku da wani aiki. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari don waya ba ta yin hulɗa mai kyau ko tsari na launuka ba daidai ba ne, wanda ke mayar da kebul ɗin mara amfani. Ko da haka, tare da kayan aiki na asali (kayan aiki na crimping, masu haɗin RJ-45, da Kebul na Category 5 UTP/FTP) da bin hanyar da ta dace, za ku iya cimma wannan. Yi ƙididdige cewa, tsakanin aunawa, tsiri, rarrabuwa nau'i-nau'i, ɓata, da gwaji, Kuna iya saka hannun jari kusan rabin sa'a a cikin kebul guda ɗaya.

Menene UTP crossover na USB kuma lokacin amfani da shi?

Kebul na crossover shine wanda a ciki Ana haɗa siginar watsawa na na'ura ɗaya zuwa siginar karɓar ɗayan kuma akasin hakaAna samun wannan ta hanyar juyawa tsarin wasu nau'i-nau'i a cikin mahaɗin RJ45 a kowane ƙarshen. Ana amfani da shi da farko don kayan haɗin haɗi na nau'in iri ɗaya (misali, PC zuwa PC ko canzawa zuwa canzawa) lokacin da babu tashar jiragen ruwa tare da MDI-X ta atomatik ko kuma ba ma so mu dogara da wannan fasalin.

A cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa na 10BASE-T da 100BASE-TX Ethernet, hudu ne kawai daga cikin guda takwas da ake amfani da su a zahiri: waɗanda suka kai fil 1, 2, 3, da 6. Saboda haka, lokacin ƙirƙirar kebul na crossover don 10/100, kawai ku ketare waɗannan nau'i-nau'i. Koyaya, don 100BASE-T4 da 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet) guda hudu cikakke nau'i-nau'i sun shigo cikin wasa; A cikin waɗannan al'amuran, nau'i-nau'i na 4-5 da 7-8 kuma dole ne a ketare su, kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin ma'auni. Asalin kebul na ketare a cikin wannan jagorar baya aiki don T4 ko Gigabit.

A cikin yin amfani da yau da kullum, muna rarrabe nau'i biyu: Kebul na kai tsaye (misali iri ɗaya a ƙarshen duka, PC na yau da kullun don canzawa) da Kebul na USB (ƙarshen T568A ɗaya da sauran T568B, masu amfani don haɗawa kamar na'urori). Dukansu suna raba tsarin jiki iri ɗaya, amma sun bambanta a cikin odar zare cikin mahaɗin.

Kayan aiki da kayan da ake buƙata

Don hawa kebul ɗin lafiya amintacce kuna buƙatar waɗannan abubuwa: kayan da suka dace da kayan aiki na crimpingBa kwa buƙatar ƙwararrun arsenal, amma kuna buƙatar ƙaramin matakin inganci don guje wa kuskure.

• Twisted biyu kebul: UTP Cat 5 (ba shi da kariya) ko FTP (garkuwa). Idan farashin ya kasance iri ɗaya kuma yanayin yana hayaniya, FTP yana samar da wani Layer na garkuwa wanda ke taimakawa rage tsangwama. Tabbatar cewa rukunin ya dace da hanyar sadarwar ku (Cat 5 na kowa don 10/100).
• 2 RJ45 masu haɗawa na inganci mai kyau. Akwai ma'auni kuma ta ramuka; Kowa zai yi idan kayan aikin crimping ya dace..
• Crimping kayan aiki ku RJ45. Mafi dacewa idan ya haɗa da mai yankewa da tsiri; wasu kuma suna goyon bayan RJ11 tare da kayan aiki masu canzawa.
• Almakashi ko abun yanka don tsaftacewa, yankewar sarrafawa a cikin kwasfa. Idan kebul ɗin ku ya zo da ripcord, Yi amfani da shi don buɗe rigar ba tare da lalata nau'i-nau'i ba.
• Kayayyakin kariya don RJ45 (na zaɓi, shawarar). Suna kare shafin kuma suna ba da a mafi m gama.
• Mai gwada hanyar sadarwa don tabbatar da ci gaba da odar waya. Kasa hakan, Kuna iya gwada haɗa kayan aiki, amma mai gwadawa ya fi dogara.

Tip mai amfani: koyaushe yanke 'yan karin santimita na USB idan kana buƙatar maimaita crimping. A cikin mafi kyawun yanayi, za ku yi kebul a karon farko; idan ba haka ba, za ku yaba da gefe.

Ma'auni na T568A/T568B da Tushen Kwamfuta

A cikin murɗaɗɗen igiyoyi biyu, ƙa'idodi suna aiki TIA/EIA T568A da T568B, wanda ke ayyana tsari na launuka a cikin haɗin RJ45. Sanin su shine mabuɗin don ƙin yin kuskure yayin yin kutse da gujewa ƙetare nau'i-nau'i ko amo ba daidai ba a cikin watsawa.

A taƙaice, ma'aunin T568B yana yin odar wayoyi kamar haka (daga fil 1 zuwa 8): fari / orange, orange, fari / kore, blue, fari / blue, kore, fari / ruwan kasa, ruwan kasa. A nata bangaren, T568A yana da zaren masu zuwa: fari/kore, kore, fari/orange, blue, fari/blue, orange, fari/kasa, ruwan kasa. Lura cewa kore da orange nau'i-nau'i suna musayar matsayi tsakanin ma'auni biyu.

za a Kebul na kai tsaye Ana amfani da ma'auni iri ɗaya a ƙarshen duka (AA ko BB). Za a Kebul na USB dole ka saka karshen T568A da sauran T568BTa wannan hanyar, kuna haɗa watsawa da liyafar tsakanin na'urorin tsara, ba da damar sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu ba tare da kowane na'ura mai tsaka-tsaki ba.

Ka tuna cewa 10/100 yana aiki tare da fil 1, 2, 3 da 6. Shi ya sa yawancin makircin giciye ke mayar da hankali kan waɗannan. Idan burin ku shine 100BASE-T4 ko 1000BASE-T, abubuwa sun canza: za ku yi amfani da duka nau'i-nau'i hudu kuma crossover yana buƙatar Hakanan ma suna 4-5 da 7-8Mun nace: hanyar da aka kwatanta a nan ta keɓance ga 10/100 classic.

Mataki zuwa mataki: yadda ake shigar da kebul na crossover UTP tare da RJ45

Bari mu isa ga hanya. Tabbatar kun kiyaye ma'aunin daidaitawar haɗin haɗin guda ɗaya a duk tsawon tsari (yawanci kuna aiki tare da shafin yana fuskantar ƙasa, yana kallon gaban RJ45) don guje wa juyar da oda da gangan.

1. Auna kuma yanke tsayin da ake buƙataYi amfani da kayan aiki mai tsutsawa ko almakashi don raba kebul ɗin zuwa tsayi. Ka bar raguwa kaɗan idan kana buƙatar maimaita ƙarshen.
2. Kware murfin waje. Cire kusan 2,5-3 cm na riga don bayyana nau'i-nau'i. Idan jagorar ku ko al'ada ta nuna mm 10, zaku iya yin hakan ta wannan hanyar, amma sau da yawa yana taimakawa wajen warware abubuwa mafi kyau. bar wasu rahusa. Ka guji lalata ƙwanƙolin ciki; idan FTP ne, yana adana foil na aluminum da magudanar ruwa.
3. Ware kuma shimfiɗa zaren. A hankali kwance nau'ikan nau'i-nau'i guda huɗu kuma santsi kowane zaren tare da yatsanka don cire kowane curls. Wannan matakin yana sauƙaƙawa duk sun kasance a layi daya kuma ya dace sosai a cikin mahaɗin.
4. Tsara ta launi. Zaɓi ƙarshen ɗaya zuwa T568A dayan kuma don T568B. Sanya zaren a daidai tsari na daidaitattun daidaitattun. Bincika samfurin sau biyu kafin yanke.
5. Gyara zuwa tsayin uniform. Tare da crimper, yi yanke mai tsabta barin wasu 12-13 mm na madaidaiciyar zaren daga rigar. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da shawarar cire 10 mm na farko bayan cirewa saboda ƙila an bar su dan kadan lalacewa ta kayan aiki.
6. Saka RJ45. Gabatar da mahaɗin akai-akai (tabbacin ƙasa ya fi kowa a cikin skematics) kuma saka wayoyi har zuwa ciki, tabbatar sun buga tasha kuma mutunta tsari. A cikin kebul na FTP, idan mai haɗin yana goyan bayan shi, tabbatar cewa garkuwa da magudanar waya sun zauna lafiya.
7. Crimp tare da ƙaddara. Sanya mai haɗin RJ-45 a cikin kayan aiki na crimping kuma latsa sosai don haka prongs ya huda rufin kowace waya kuma mai haɗawa ya kama jaket. A hankali ja da kebul ɗin kai tsaye baya: Idan ya motsa, maimaita crimping saboda ba zai yi riko mai kyau ba.
8. Maimaita a ɗayan ƙarshen. A gefe kishiyar, yi amfani da ma'aunin ƙarin (idan kun fara da T568A, T568B yana zuwa nan, ko akasin haka). Bincika oda sau biyu da cikakken shigarwa kafin crimping.
9. Wuraren makoki idan kun yi amfani da su. Baya ga kare gashin ido, suna taimakawa saki tashin hankali a crimp point.

Daki-daki wanda ke haifar da bambanci: a kowane ƙarshen, yana hango wayoyi a cikin mahaɗin kafin crimping. Idan ɗayansu ya canza tashoshi yayin turawa, cire su kuma sake tsara su. Yana da kyau a saka sakan goma fiye da ɓata mai haɗawa.

Dubawa da gyara matsala

Tare da murƙushe ƙarshen duka biyun, lokaci yayi da za a gwada. Da kyau, yi amfani da a cibiyar sadarwa na USB tester: Sanya ƙarshen ɗaya a cikin mai aikawa da ɗayan a cikin mai karɓa. Idan da fitilu takwas sun kunna a daidai jeri, cikakke; idan wani bai yi haka ba ko kuma ya fita daga tsari, akwai ci gaba ko gazawar tsari.

Ba tare da mai gwadawa ba, ainihin abin dubawa ya ƙunshi haɗa kwamfutoci biyu da juna ko sau biyu kuma duba idan an haɗa su kuma za ku iya sadarwa. Lura: wannan hanyar ba ta bayyana kurakuran da ba a sani ba (maɓallin haɗin gwiwa wanda ke bayyana lokaci-lokaci), don haka har yanzu ana ba da shawarar mai gwadawa.

Idan kebul ɗin ba ya aiki: 1) tabbatar da Saukewa: T568A/T568 a kowane karshen; 2) duba hakan duk zaren sun kai iyakarsu cikin RJ45; 3) a duba cewa crimper ya cije hannun riga da kyau. Idan ana shakka, yanke kuma maimaita gamawa tare da sabon haɗi; sake yin amfani da RJ45 da aka rigaya ba shi da ƙima.

A cikin shigarwar FTP, kar a manta da allon: idan mahaɗin ya keɓance don FTP, dole ne a haɗe garkuwa da ƙarfi. Idan allon yana kwance ko mara kyau a zaune, ban da rasa tasirin sa, yana iya haifar da shi lambobin sadarwa maras so.

Nasiha mai amfani da kyawawan halaye

Karɓar karfin juyi da girmamawa. Kada ku yi amfani da dogon sashe ba tare da sutura ba; ƙwanƙwasa yana rage tsangwama da zance. Buɗe kawai don shirya da yanke.

Don gujewa abubuwan mamaki, ko da yaushe kiyaye haɗin haɗi a cikin daidaitawa iri ɗaya lokacin da kuka yi oda da lokacin da kuka saka. Canjin daidaita tsarin tsakiyar tsari shine cikakkiyar girke-girke don ketare zaren bazata.

Idan shigarwa ya dade ko za a ɓoye, Yi amfani da iyakoki da, idan zai yiwu, masu haɗawa masu inganci masu kyau. A kan bututun da ake sarrafa su akai-akai, shafin da aka ƙarfafa zai hana karyewa.

Tuna wace fasaha kuke son tallafawa: wannan jagorar don 10/100 (10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX). Don 100BASE-T4 ko 1000BASE-T, ban da nau'ikan da suka dace da masu haɗin kai, makircin tsallaka ba daya bane kuma kebul ɗin da aka kwatanta a nan ba zai yi aiki a gare ku ba.

Ko da yake na'urori da yawa a yau suna yin shawarwari ta atomatik (atomatik MDI-X), Sanin yadda ake yin kebul na crossover har yanzu yana da amfani don gwaji, tsofaffin kayan aiki, ko yanayi inda wannan fasalin ba ya samuwa.

Gaggawar ƙamus

• UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Kebul: murɗaɗɗen biyu mara garkuwa. Ya fi kowa a muhallin gida da ofis.
• Kebul na FTP: murguda baki tare da garkuwa (karfe foil) wanda ke taimakawa hana tsangwama. Mai amfani kusa da igiyoyin wuta ko tushen amo.
• cat 5: category wanda ya rufe 10/100Mbps cikin ƙayyadaddun iyaka. Don Gigabit, Cat 5e ko mafi girma ana ba da shawarar azaman ƙarami.
• Ketare waya: watsawa tare da liyafar tsakanin musayar kayan aiki iri ɗaya tsari na nau'i-nau'i tsakanin matsananci.
• Crimping kayan aiki: kayan aiki da ke danna fil RJ45 akan wayoyi zuwa yi tuntuɓar kuma haɗa mai haɗawa zuwa rigar.
• Gwaji: ci gaba da gwajin odar waya. Yana sauƙaƙe ganowa yanke, juye-juye ko rashin tuntuɓar juna.

Tare da waɗannan jagororin, kayan aikin asali da ɗan kulawa, Za ku sami kebul ɗin crossover ɗin ku na UTP yana shirye yana aiki. don haɗa na'urori iri ɗaya ko don dalilai na gwaji akan gidan yanar gizon ku ko cibiyar sadarwar bita. Ba sihiri ba: al'amari ne na tsari, daidaito da tabbatarwa.

Labari mai dangantaka:

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Ishaku

Marubuci mai sha'awa game da duniyar bytes da fasaha gabaɗaya. Ina son raba ilimina ta hanyar rubutu, kuma abin da zan yi ke nan a cikin wannan shafi, in nuna muku duk abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da na'urori, software, hardware, yanayin fasaha, da ƙari. Burina shine in taimaka muku kewaya duniyar dijital ta hanya mai sauƙi da nishaɗi.