Yadda ake amfani da umarnin direba a cikin Windows: cikakken jagora

Idan kuna aiki da Windows, ba dade ko ba dade za ku buƙaci sanin waɗanne direbobi aka shigar da ko suna aiki daidai. Don haka, Umurnin neman direban wuka ne na Sojojin SwitzerlandMai sauri, abin dogaro, kuma koyaushe yana samuwa akan tsarin ba tare da shigar da wani abu ba. Da umarni ɗaya zaka iya jera direbobin, duba inda suke zama, wanda ya sanya hannu da su da kuma wace sigar da suke ciki.

Baya ga kasancewa da amfani don dubawa da tallafin fasaha, tambayar direba shine mabuɗin don gano gazawar hardware ko rikice-rikice masu dacewa. A cikin wannan jagorar za ku ga cikakkiyar ma'anarsa, sigogi, dabaru Wannan jagorar ya ƙunshi bayanin fitarwa, samun dama mai nisa, da kuma madadin kamar su Manajan Na'ura, PowerShell, da MSINFO. An bayyana komai dalla-dalla tare da shirye-shiryen kwafi da liƙa misalai.

Menene tambayar direba kuma menene amfani dashi?

Driverquery shine mai amfani da layi na umarni hada a cikin Windows cewa yana nuna jerin abubuwan direbobin na'ura shigar akan kwamfutar da kaddarorinta. Ta hanyar tsoho, tana aiki akan kwamfutar gida, amma kuma tana iya tambayar kwamfutoci masu nisa idan kun samar mata da ingantattun takaddun shaida.

Da wannan kayan aiki za ku sami bayanai kamar sunan direba, nau'in, mai bayarwa, sigar, hanya, da kwanan wataIdan ka ƙara masu gyara masu dacewa, Hakanan zaka iya duba bayanan sa hannu na dijital (direba masu sa hannu/mara sa hannu) har ma da ƙarin cikakken rahoto tare da cikakkun bayanai na kaya da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Aikace-aikacen umarni

Tsarin tsari na gabaɗaya kai tsaye ne; Wannan shi ne na hukuma kuma wanda aka fi amfani dashi:

driverquery <usuario> ]]   

Lokacin gudanar da shi ba tare da zaɓuɓɓuka ba, driverquery yana aiki akan ƙungiyar gida kuma yana nuna fitarwa a tsarin tebur. Daga can, zaku iya zaɓar wani tsari, cire taken, nemi ƙarin daki-daki, ko haɗa bayanan sa hannun dijital.

An bayyana ma'auni ɗaya bayan ɗaya

Don samun fa'ida daga cikin umarnin, yana da taimako don sanin abin da kowace siga ke yi. Anan ga fashe-fashe a bayyane kuma a aikace:

Misalai masu amfani waɗanda ke adana lokaci

Bari mu dubi yanayin rayuwa ta zahiri don ku iya farawa ba tare da wahalar da abubuwa ba. Gwada waɗannan umarni kai tsaye a ciki CMD (umurnin gaggawa) ko a cikin Windows Terminal.

• Jerin direbobin kwamfuta na gida tare da tsarin tsoho (tebur):
  driverquery
• Nuna fitarwa a ciki CSV (mai kyau ga Excel):
  driverquery /fo csv
• Cire rubutun kai tare da CSV (mai amfani ga rubutun):
  driverquery /fo csv /nh
• Ajiye kaya zuwa rubutu ko fayil na CSV ta amfani da sake turawa:
  driverquery /fo csv > controladores.csv
• Samu kallo daki-daki tare da filayen bayyane:
  driverquery /v
• Haɗa bayanai daga sa hannu a kan layi don duba sa hannun masu kulawa/mara sa hannu:
  driverquery /si
• Neman sabar nesa tare da mai amfani na yanzu:
  driverquery /s server1
• Tuntuɓi ƙungiyar nesa da domain, username da kalmar sirri:
  driverquery /s server1 /u maindom\user1 /p p@ssw3d
• Paginate fitarwa lokacin da akwai layuka da yawa:
  driverquery | more

Kamar yadda kake gani, tare da wasu gyare-gyare za ku iya tafi daga hangen nesa zuwa cikakken rahotoKuma idan kuna shirin aiwatar da fitarwa, CSV shine babban abokin ku.

Fitar bayanai da Tsarin fitarwa

DriverQuery yana baka damar zaɓar tsakanin tebur, lissafin da csvTebur yana da ɗanɗano amma ba a matsayin mai amfani ba don sarrafa bayanai; lissafin yana nuna nau'i-nau'i masu daraja, kuma CSV shine tsarin tauraro don bincike da adanawa.

para haifar da fayil Don sake amfani da shi, kawai a tura abin da ake fitarwa, misali:
driverquery /fo csv > drivers.csvTa wannan hanyar zaku iya buɗe shi da Excel, shigo da shi cikin ma'ajin bayanai, ko haɗa shi zuwa rahoton fasaha. Hakanan zaka iya Fitar da direbobi tare da DISM a matsayin madadin lokacin da kuke buƙatar cikakkun fakitin direba.

Idan ba kwa son rubutun kai (sunaye na shafi), ƙara /nhWannan yana da amfani lokacin da fayil ɗin zai cinye ta a script ko tsari mai sarrafa kansa wanda ya riga ya san odar shafi.

Cikakken bayani da sa hannun dijital

con /v Kuna samun ƙarin filayen kowane mai sarrafawa (misali, hanyar binary ko bayanan lodawa) waɗanda ke sauƙaƙawa gano wani yanayiIdan direba ya nuna sabon amfani ko kwanan wata, yana iya buƙatar ɗaukakawa.

Mai gyarawa /si Yana ƙara bayanin sa hannun dijital, mai amfani sosai ga Gano masu kula da ba a sanya hannu ba wanda zai iya haifar da haɗari. A cikin mahallin kamfanoni, wannan yana da mahimmanci don bin manufofin tsaro.

Ba sabon abu ba ne don haɗa duka biyun lokacin da kuke son cikakken bincike: daki-daki da sa hannu a kallo. Idan za ku fitar da shi, yi la'akari da CSV don sauƙin sarrafa wannan bayanin.

Tambayoyi masu nisa tare da takaddun shaida

Driverquery na iya tambayar kwamfutoci masu nisa ta amfani da su /s kuma, idan ya cancanta. /u y /pYana da matukar amfani don dubawa sabobin ko PC mai amfani ba tare da motsi ko ɗaukar iko da zaman zane ba.

Misali na yau da kullun tare da yanki: driverquery /s pc-soporte /u corp\usuario.soporte /p Contr4s3ña!A cikin matsuguni masu aminci, gwada kar a bijirar da kalmomin shiga akan layin umarni da aka raba (tarihi, kwafi), kuma yana iyakance amfani da wannan fasaha zuwa zaman sarrafawa.

Yadda ake fassara bayanan da kuke gani

Fitowar umarni ya haɗa da filayen kamar Sunan Module, Nau'i, Matsayi, da HanyaIdan kun kunna cikakkun bayanai, za ku ga ƙarin ginshiƙai (misali, kwanakin da ke taimakawa gano tsoffin direbobi ko tsofaffi).

Kwanan haɗawa ko tattarawa ya yi nisa a baya el tiempo, musamman a cikin masu sarrafawa masu mahimmanci (chipset, ajiya(mai hoto), Wannan na iya zama alamar cewa akwai sabbin sigogin. tare da ingantaccen aiki ko facin tsaro. A waɗannan lokuta, sabunta da wuri-wuri.

Madadin hanyoyin: Manajan Na'ura, PowerShell, da MSINFO

Baya ga tambayar direba, Windows tana ba da hanyoyi da yawa don bincika direbobi. Manajan na'ura Shi ne mafi gani da kuma sanannun: daga can za ka iya ganin matsayin kowace na'ura, updated direbobi, mayar da versions, musaki ko uninstall.

Don buɗe shi da sauri, Latsa Win+X kuma zaɓi Mai sarrafa na'ura, ko aiwatarwa devmgmt.mscA cikin Abubuwan Kayayyakin na'ura, akan shafin Driver, zaku sami zaɓuɓɓuka kamar Sabuntawa, Komawa, Kashe kuma cirewa, ban da duba bayanan ciki na direban.

Idan kun fi son na'ura wasan bidiyo amma tare da ƙarin sassauci, PowerShell yana ba da tambaya mai fa'ida: Win32_PnPSignedDriver. Alal misali:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | select DeviceName, Manufacturer, DriverVersion

Tare da wannan umarni za ku ga jerin tare da sunan na'urar, masana'anta, da sigar direbaKuma idan ana buƙata, zaku iya fitarwa kai tsaye zuwa CSV ta amfani da PowerShell don a cikakken aiki mai sarrafa kansa:

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | select DeviceName,Manufacturer,DriverVersion | Export-Csv .\drivers_ps.csv -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8

Wani madadin shine kayan aikin tsarin MSINFO ( zartarwa msinfo32 ko bincika "System Information"). Yana nuna cikakken rahoton kayan aiki, gami da lissafin masu sarrafawa da ayyukako da yake ra'ayi ya fi yawa kuma ƙasa da kai tsaye fiye da binciken direba.

Tips don yin aiki tare da direbobi ba tare da mamaki ba

Masu sarrafa taɓawa abu ne mai laushi: guntuwar software ne waɗanda Suna aiki azaman gada tsakanin Windows da hardwareCirewa ko sabuntawa a makance na iya haifar da rashin zaman lafiya, asarar aiki, ko ma hana tsarin aiki. taya.

Kafin yin manyan canje-canje, Ƙirƙiri wurin maidowa da adana bayananku masu mahimmanci. Gara lafiya da hakuri. Idan akwai sabuntawa masu matsala, zaɓi Direba Rollback Manajan na'ura na iya ajiye ranar ku.

Guji direbobin asali masu shakka. Ba da fifiko Windows Update, masana'anta kayan aiki ko hukuma bangaren maroki. Kuma ko da yaushe duba kwanan wata da juzu'i don guje wa sake shigar da wani abu da ba a gama ba da gangan.

Gyara matsalolin gama gari tare da tambayar direba

Idan tambayar ta gaza akan na'urar nesa, duba haɗi, izini da tacewar wutaTabbatar da asusun da aka yi amfani da shi /u yana da isassun gata kuma ƙungiyar ta amsa suna ko IP.

Lokacin da kuka ga guntuwar abun ciki a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo, yi amfani | Kara Don ɓarna, ko fitarwa zuwa CSV don cikakken bincike. Idan bayanin bai isa ba, ƙara /v don cikakkun bayanai ko /si don sa hannun dijital.

Don ƙarin bincike mai zurfi (masu tuƙi masu haifar da shuɗi), mai amfani Mai Tabbatarwa Direba (driververifier) zai iya taimakawa gano gazawar mai sarrafawa, ko da yake ya kamata a yi amfani da shi tare da taka tsantsan akan kayan aikin samarwa.

Umarni masu alaƙa suna da amfani don kiyayewa

Yawancin ayyukan bincike suna buƙatar haɗa kayan aikin tsarin da yawa. Wadannan Umurnai nagari abokan tafiya ne ga binciken direba:

• CHKDSK: yana duba matsayin diski kuma yana gyara kurakurai.
• IPCONFIG / duk: Nuna saitunan cibiyar sadarwa na duk adaftan.
• POWERCFG/L, POWERCFG/ENERGYGudanar da makamashi da cikakkun rahotanni.
• SFC / scannow: tabbatarwa da dawo da fayilolin tsarin da aka kare.
• SYSTEMINFO: bayanai tsarin, BIOSRAM da shigar updates.
• DISM: yana kulawa da gyara hotunan Windows da abubuwan da aka gyara.
• WINSAT: yana kimanta gabaɗaya da aikin faifai tare da WINSAT DISK.

Kwarewar binciken tuƙi yana ba ku taƙaitaccen bayani game da direbobin tsarin kuma yana haɓaka bincike na yau da kullun. Haɗe tare da tsarin fitarwa masu dacewa, tambayoyin nesa, da madadin kamar PowerShell da MSINFO, Za ku sami ingantaccen aikin aiki don dubawa, tattara bayanai, da kuma kula da direbobi lafiya ba tare da bata lokaci ba.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Fitar da direbobi tare da PnPUtil: kwafi, shigar, da sarrafa manyan direbobi

Ishaku

Marubuci mai sha'awa game da duniyar bytes da fasaha gabaɗaya. Ina son raba ilimina ta hanyar rubutu, kuma abin da zan yi ke nan a cikin wannan shafi, in nuna muku duk abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da na'urori, software, hardware, yanayin fasaha, da ƙari. Burina shine in taimaka muku kewaya duniyar dijital ta hanya mai sauƙi da nishaɗi.