Yadda ake amfani da iacls da takeown don magance matsalolin izini a cikin Windows

Yawancin masu amfani da Windows sun ci karo a wani lokaci An hana damar shiga mai tsoro lokacin ƙoƙarin buɗewa, gyara, ko share fayiloli da manyan fayiloli akan tsarinku. Matsalolin izini na iya zama ainihin ciwon kai, musamman lokacin da suka shafi manyan fayiloli tare da dubunnan fayiloli, fayafai na waje, ko bayan sake shigar da canje-canjen mallaka. Abin farin ciki, kayan aikin kamar iacls da takeown suna ba da mafita mai ƙarfi don dawo da iko ba tare da yin amfani da shirye-shiryen ɓangare na uku ba da guje wa sake shigar da ba dole ba.

Wannan labarin gabaɗaya kuma a aikace ya ƙunshi yadda ake amfani da waɗannan umarni don gyara izinin fayil da ikon mallaka a cikin kowane nau'in yanayi. Mun haɗa da gargaɗi, cikakkun misalan misalan, shawarwarin haɗuwa, da bambance-bambancen ɗabi'a a cikin nau'ikan Windows, duk an bayyana su a sarari don ku iya magance kowace irin wannan matsala da kanku.

Me yasa izini ke kasawa a cikin Windows?

A tsarin Windows, Tsaro ya dogara ne akan izini da mallaka fiye da fayiloli da manyan fayiloli. Idan canje-canje na bazata, kwafin fayil tsakanin masu amfani, ko kullewa bayan amfani da ɓoyewa kamar Bitlocker ya bar wasu bayanan ku ba su da damar shiga, za ku ga saƙonnin kuskure lokacin ƙoƙarin samun dama gare shi, koda a matsayin mai gudanarwa.

Yawancin waɗannan matsalolin ana haifar da su ta hanyar mai amfani na yanzu ba shi ne mamallakin fayilolin ba. ko izini NTFS (tsarin tsaro na Windows na yau da kullun) sun zama ba daidai ba ko sun lalata shigarwar.

Kayan aiki don gyara izini: manyan umarni

Windows ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwan amfani guda biyu don magance waɗannan yanayin:

• dauka: Yana ba ku damar canza ikon mallakar fayiloli da manyan fayiloli zuwa mai amfani na yanzu ko ƙungiyar masu gudanarwa, abin da ake buƙata don canza izini (musamman lokacin da ba za ku iya shiga babban fayil ɗin koda a matsayin mai gudanarwa ba). Kuna iya ƙarin koyo a Wannan jagorar kan sarrafa izini na NTFS.
• iccals: Wannan shi ne mafi ci gaba da sassauƙar umarni don sake saiti, gyaggyarawa, fitarwa, da shigo da izinin NTFS akan fayiloli da manyan fayiloli. Ana iya gudanar da shi da yawa kuma akai-akai.

Gargaɗi kafin gyara izini

Kafin ka fara canza ikon mallakar fayil ko izini, ya kamata ka fito fili game da abin da kake canzawa. Kada a taɓa amfani da waɗannan umarni akan manyan fayilolin tsarin aiki (misali, babban fayil ɗin Fayilolin Windows ko Shirye-shiryen), saboda wannan na iya sa tsarin ku ya zama mara amfani ko kuma haifar da munanan lahani.

Har ila yau, a duk lokacin da zai yiwu, ajiye mafi mahimmancin fayilolinku, kuma idan kuna mu'amala da sabar ko abubuwan tafiyarwa, yi la'akari da fitar da ACLs data kasance (jerin sarrafawar shiga) ta amfani da iacls da farko don ku iya dawo dasu daga baya idan akwai matsaloli.

Yadda ake mallakar fayiloli da manyan fayiloli tare da takeown

Mataki na farko a cikin lamarin kuskuren shiga yawanci yawanci ne sanya ikon mallakar na albarkatun da abin ya shafa. Ana samun wannan tare da umarnin dauka, wanda ko da yaushe ya kamata a gudanar a cikin wani umarni da sauri taga bude a matsayin admin.

Asali na asali shine:

takeown /f "folder_or_file_path" /r /d S

Wannan sojojin sun mallaki babban fayil ɗin da aka bayar kuma tare da zaɓuɓɓukan / r / d S yana yin haka. akai-akai (ciki har da manyan fayiloli da fayiloli) da share aikatawa.

Misali, ga babban fayil mai suna "locked_folder" a tushen C drive:

takeown /f "C: \locked_folder" /r /d S

Idan kana son a sanya kayan ga rukunin Masu Gudanarwa maimakon mai amfani na yanzu, yi amfani da siga /a:

takeown /a /r/d S/f D:\SYSADMIT

Ka tuna cewa idan tsarinka yana cikin Turanci, zaɓin tabbatarwa zai zama '/ d Y'.

Mayar da gyara izinin NTFS tare da iacls

Da zarar madaidaicin mai amfani ko rukuni ya mallaki babban fayil ɗin, zaka iya sake saita ko sanya madaidaicin izini Yin amfani da iacls. Wannan umarnin yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana ba da zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa don gyara haƙƙin samun dama, bita, fitarwa, ko maido da saitunan da suka gabata.

Don sake saita duk izini zuwa tsohuwar yanayinsu akan babban fayil (da duk abin da ke cikinta), yi amfani da:

iacls "C: \locked_folder" /T /Q /C / RESET

Inda:

• /T yana aiwatar da canji akan duk fayiloli da manyan fayiloli.
• /Q yana hana saƙonnin nasara.
• /C yana ci gaba akan kurakurai ba tare da katsewa ba.
• /SAKE SAKE saitin lissafin ikon shiga (ACLs) zuwa abubuwan da aka gada.

Wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan idan akwai fayiloli da manyan fayiloli da yawa a ciki. Kada ku damu idan taga umarni bai bayyana yana ci gaba ba, umarnin zai yi aiki a bango.

Mayar da Izini Lafiya: Kyawawan Ayyuka

Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da umarni da farko azaman gwaji, ko farawa da ƙananan manyan fayiloli kafin yin aiki akan gabaɗayan kundin ko fayafai na waje. Idan kuna da rumbun kwamfutarka ta waje da abin ya shafa bayan cire ɓoye ko kwafin fayiloli daga wani tsarin, zaku iya ci gaba kamar haka:

1. 1. Bude da umurnin gaggawa a matsayin mai gudanarwa (bincika "cmd", danna dama, gudu azaman mai gudanarwa).
   2. Yana ɗaukar tushen tushen faifan da ya shafa, misali idan drive G:

takeown /f G:\* /r/d S

1. Canja zuwa drive a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo (nau'in G: kuma danna Shigar).
2. Sake saita izini akan duk fayiloli da manyan fayiloli:

   iacls * /T/Q/C/SAKE

Bayan umarnin ya cika, yakamata ku sami damar shiga, motsawa, da share fayiloli akai-akai.

Keɓance izini tare da iccals

iacls yana ba da damar da yawa fiye da sake saiti kawai. Za ka iya Bada ko ƙin takamaiman izini ga masu amfani ko ƙungiyoyi, gyara masu su, musaki gado na izini da ajiye/dawo da cikakken saiti.

• Sanya cikakken iko ga masu gudanarwa akan babban fayil:

  iacls "D: \ my_folder" / masu gudanarwa masu bayarwa:F /T

• Sanya karatu-kawai ko aiwatar da izini ga takamaiman masu amfani:

  iacls "D: \ my_folder" / ba da pepito:RX /T

• Cire gado kuma sanya sabbin izini:

  icacls "C:\gwaji" /gado:r /bawa:r DOM\Duk:(OI)(CI)(F)

• Dubi irin izini da babban fayil ke da shi:

  iacls "C:\gwaji"

Takaddama /bayarwa bada izini, / karyata ya musanta su a sarari, kuma ana iya haɗa ayyuka da yawa don masu amfani ko ƙungiyoyi daban-daban.

Misali, don ba da cikakken iko ga masu gudanarwa kuma kawai gyara mai amfani ɗaya:

icacls "C: \ gwaji" / ba da: r DOM masu gudanarwa: (OI) (CI) F / kyauta: r DOM \ pepe: (OI) (CI)M /T

Jerin abubuwan sarrafawa da shigo da kaya (ACLs)

Kafin yin manyan canje-canje shine Ana ba da shawarar sosai don adana halin yanzu na iziniKuna iya fitar da ACLs na babban fayil da manyan manyan fayiloli kamar haka:

icacls "C:\test\*" /save"C:\acl-backup\ACL_backup.txt" /T

Kuma daga baya, idan wata matsala ta taso ko kuna buƙatar dawo da saitunan izini na asali:

icacls "C:\test" /mayar da "C:\acl-backup\ACL_backup.txt"

Wannan yana da amfani musamman akan sabar fayil, inda ba daidai ba izini izini na iya kawo cikas ga mutane da yawa ko ɗaruruwan masu amfani.

Fahimtar Izinin NTFS da Masks

Lokacin ba da izini tare da iacls, zaku iya ƙayyade izini guda biyu masu sauƙi (F, M, RX, R, W, D) da haɗin haɓaka (DE, RC, WDAC, WO, S, AS, MA, da sauransu). Misali:

• N - Babu shiga
• F - Gabaɗaya iko
• M - Gyara
• RX - Karanta kuma Kashe
• R – Karanta kawai
• W - Rubuta Kawai
• D - Share

Bugu da ƙari, akwai zaɓuɓɓukan gado don ayyana yadda ake amfani da gado a manyan fayiloli, fayiloli, ko duka biyu: (OI) don abubuwa, (CI) don kwantena, (IO) don gado kawai, (NP) don ba yaɗa gado, da sauransu. Misalin haɗin gwiwa:

iacls "C: \ takardun" / ba da "masu amfani:(OI)(CI)M" /T

Shirya matsala ga fayilolin tsarin kulle

Wani lokaci matsalar ba kawai izinin NTFS ba ne, amma fayilolin tsarin da Windows suka lalace ko kariya. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ana ba da shawarar fara amfani da abin amfani sfc / scannow:

sfc / scannow

Wannan umarnin yana dubawa da ƙoƙarin gyara mahimman fayilolin Windows. Idan ka sami saƙonni game da fayilolin da ba a gyara su ba, za ka iya duba log ɗin da aka samar:

Findstr /c:""%windir%LogsCBSCBS.log>"%userprofile%Desktop\sfcdetails.txt"

Idan kuna buƙatar maye gurbin fayilolin da suka lalace waɗanda ba za a iya gyara su ta atomatik ba, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar mallaka kuma ku ba da izini ga takamaiman fayil ɗin ta amfani da umarnin takeown da iacls, bi da bi, kafin ku iya maye gurbinsu da kwafi masu lafiya daga wani tsarin.

Zaɓuɓɓuka masu tasowa: Sauya SID, tabbaci, da gado

iacls yana ba da damar abubuwan haɓakawa kamar maye gurbin tsoffin SIDs tare da sababbi (mai amfani a ƙaurawar yanki), duba matsayin ACLs (/tabbatar), bincika nassoshi ga takamaiman SIDs (/ samu) da sarrafa gado (/gado:e|d|r).

Misali, don cire gado da saita izini kawai da kuka sanya don yin tasiri:

icacls "C:\gwaji" /gado:r /bawa:r Masu Gudanarwa:(OI)(CI)F /T

Misali mai aiki: dawo da damar zuwa rumbun kwamfutarka na waje bayan cire Bitlocker

A ce bayan ɓata mashin ɗin waje, kuna ci gaba da ganin saƙon "A halin yanzu ba ku da izinin shiga wannan babban fayil ɗin." Maganin zai kasance:

1. Bude cmd a matsayin mai gudanarwa.
2. Gudu takeown /f X:\* /r/d S (inda X shine harafin drive).
3. Canza drive a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo (nau'in X:).
4. Gudu iacls * /T/Q/C/SAKE a cikin naúrar.

Da zarar an gama, za ku sake samun cikakkiyar dama kuma ku sami damar kunna fayilolin ba tare da kurakurai ba.

Lokacin da bai kamata ku yi amfani da takeown ko iacls ba

Idan batun izini ya shafi babban fayil ɗin tsarin ko fayilolin da Windows ke kariya, ya kamata ku yi taka tsantsan, saboda tilasta canje-canje na iya karya tsarin ko barin shi mai rauni. A kan sabar samarwa, koyaushe yin ajiyar baya kuma, idan zai yiwu, fara yin canje-canje a yanayin gwaji.

sarrafa amfani da dauka e iccals Zai iya ceton ku sa'o'i masu yawa na takaici da aikin hannu, musamman akan kundin tare da dubban fayiloli. Koyaushe ku tuna amfani da su da taka tsantsan, cikakken fahimtar tsarin izini, kuma ku guji yin manyan canje-canje ga tsarin aiki sai dai idan ya zama dole kuma kun san abin da kuke yi. Idan kun bi waɗannan matakan da shawarwari, zaku iya dawo da iko akan fayilolin da aka kulle da manyan fayiloli, inganta tsaro da ayyukan tsarin Windows ɗinku.