Menene Out-of-band (OOB) a cikin Sabuntawar Windows?

Out-of-band (OOB) kalma ce wacce a cikin yanayin yanayin Microsoft galibi ana danganta shi da sabuntawar gaggawa da aka fitar a waje da jadawalin al'ada., amma kuma yana bayyana a cikin wasu hanyoyin fasaha (gudanar da cibiyar sadarwa mai nisa, rarraba fakiti a cikin NET, da sadarwar soket). Idan kun ga nassoshi game da OOB kuma kun rikice, ba ku kaɗai ba.: Ma'anar tana canzawa dangane da yanki kuma yana da mahimmanci a raba su a fili.

A cikin daular Sabuntawar Windows, sabuntawa na OOB faci ne na kashe-kashe wanda Microsoft ke fitarwa don gyara kurakurai masu mahimmanci ko koma baya na baya-bayan nan., ba tare da jiran saba "patch Talata". A cikin 'yan shekarun nan mun ga OOB don magance matsaloli tare da VPN, Masu kula da yanki, SSL/TLS musafaha, kurakurai lokacin sake saita kwamfutar, da sauran gazawa masu tsanani. A lokaci guda, a cikin NET, muna magana game da "fitattun nau'ikan bandeji" don ɗakunan karatu da aka rarraba ta hanyar NuGet, a cikin sadarwar sadarwar, akwai "Out-of-Band Management" (OOBM), kuma a cikin kwasfa na TCP, "bayanan bayanan band" yana bayyana tashar gaggawa ta layi daya da al'ada.

Menene Ma'anar Out-of-band a cikin Sabuntawar Windows?

Sabunta OOB a cikin Windows wani faci ne wanda aka fitar da shi na musamman don magance matsalolin da ba za su iya jira ba. zuwa guguwar wata mai zuwa. Microsoft yana amfani da su lokacin da akwai batutuwan da suka shafi haɗin kai, kwanciyar hankali, tsaro, ko iyawa dawo da tsarin, kuma fifikon su shine a mayar da al'amura yadda ya kamata da wuri.

Rarraba waɗannan OOB ya bambanta: Wani lokaci suna bayyana azaman sabuntawa na zaɓi a cikin Sabuntawar Windows, da wasu lokuta ana buga su a cikin Microsoft Update Catalog don zazzagewar hannu. Hakanan za'a iya samun fakiti na tsaye da kuma tarawa., ta yadda mai sakawa guda ɗaya ya haɗa da gyare-gyare na baya tare da sabon bayani.

Ga masu amfani da gida, yawanci ya isa a kunna Sabuntawar Windows da tilasta neman sabuntawa.. A cikin ƙwararrun mahalli yana da kyau a fara ingantawa a cikin rukunin matukin jirgi, musamman lokacin da OOB ba shi da alaƙa da tsaro kuma akwai abubuwan dogaro da kasuwanci masu mahimmanci. Takaddun Microsoft suna canje-canje da sanannun illolin, don haka duba Cibiyar Saƙon Windows da bayanin kula yana da mahimmanci.

A wasu lokuta, Microsoft ya gane illar illa bayan shigar da OOB (misali, al'amuran sauti na lokaci-lokaci ko halayen da ba a zata ba a wasu aikace-aikace), kuma yana ba da shawarar a ba da rahoton su ta hanyar Tashar Feedback da bin sanarwar hukumaMa'auni ya ta'allaka ne da sauri wajen magance matsala mai mahimmanci ba tare da gabatar da wasu ba, wanda wani lokaci yana buƙatar maimaitawa tare da ƙarin faci.

Matsalolin rayuwa na ainihi: Mafita daga Gida (OOB) mafita don matsalolin Windows masu mahimmanci

Wani sanannen misali ya faru a ranar 17 ga Janairu, 2022., lokacin da Microsoft ya ƙaddamar Sabuntawa daga cikin akwatin don magance matsalolin haɗin yanar gizo na VPN, ba zato ba tsammani sake farawa a Masu kula da yanki na Windows Server, kurakurai na taya en injunan kwalliya y mai hawa ReFS kafofin watsa labaraiAn fitar da waɗannan gyare-gyare azaman sabuntawa na zaɓi akan Sabuntawar Windows don nau'ikan iri da yawa:

• Windows 11, Sigar 21H1 (sakin asali): KB5010795
• Windows Server 2022: KB5010796
• Windows 10, sigar 21H2: KB5010793
• Windows 10, sigar 21H1: KB5010793
• Windows 10, sigar 20H2; Windows Server, sigar 20H2: KB5010793
• Windows 10, sigar 20H1; Windows Server, sigar 20H1: KB5010793
• Windows 10, sigar 1909; Windows Server, sigar 1909: KB5010792
• Windows 10, sigar 1607; Windows Server 2016: KB5010790
• Windows 10, sigar 1507: KB5010789
• Windows 7 Saukewa: KB1
• Windows Server 2008 SP2: KB5010799
• Windows 8.1; Windows Server 2012 R2: KB5010794
• Windows Server 2012: KB5010797

Wannan rukunin ya mayar da martani ga al'amuran da suka yi tasiri kai tsaye kan ci gaba da aiki., musamman a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa na kamfanoni. Shawarar ita ce sabunta kayan aikin da abin ya shafa da wuri-wuri. kuma tabbatar da cewa an kunna sabuntawa ta atomatik a inda ya dace.

Wani abin lura shine OOB don gyara kuskuren musafiha a cikin SSL/TLS bayan faci na Oktoba 2022, wanda zai iya haifar da kurakurai SEC_E_ILLEGAL_MESSAGE akan abokan ciniki da sabobin. Microsoft ya yi bayanin cewa wasu hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na iya karɓar bayanai ɗaya ko fiye a cikin buffer guda ɗaya sannan wani ɓangaren rikodin ƙasa da 5 bytes., haifar da matsala a wasu batura da aikace-aikace.

Sifofin da abin ya shafa sun haɗa da bugu da yawa na Windows 11 da Windows 10., tare da fakiti irin su KB5018427, KB5018418, KB5020387, KB5020435 da sauransu, da KBs don Windows 8.1 da Windows 7 SP1. An samo wasu daga cikin waɗannan OOB ta Windows Update ta atomatik.yayin da Wasu suna buƙatar zazzagewar hannu daga Microsoft Update CatalogAn ruwaito cewa Wasu na'urori na iya fuskantar matsalolin sauti bayan shigar da gyaran, tasirin da Microsoft ya ci gaba da bincike.

Sabuntawa daga cikin akwatin don kurakuran farfadowa a cikin Agusta 2025

A cikin Agusta 2025, Microsoft ya amince da gazawar tasiri mai tasiri yayin ƙoƙarin sake saita kwamfutoci bayan shigar da sabuntawar tsaro na wata-wata. Sake saitin PC na iya kasawa kuma, a wasu lokuta, yin sulhu da dawo da bayanan tsarin., yana shafar masu amfani da ƙwararru waɗanda ke amfani da RemoteWipe a cikin ayyukan da aka sarrafa.

Kamfanin ya fitar da sabuntawar OOB mara tsaro don gyara matsalar. Gabatar da sabuntawar Agusta 2025 (KB5063874). An nuna cewa ya kuma haɗa haɓakawa daga KB5063874 kanta., guje wa yin amfani da sabuntawar baya kafin shigar da shi.

An nuna sigogi a cikin rahotannin lalacewa hada Windows 10 22H2, Windows Enterprise LTSC 2021, Windows 10 IoT Kasuwanci LTSC 2021 (KB5063709), Windows 11 22H2 da 23H2 (KB5063875) da Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019; Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC 2019 (KB5063877). Windows 11 24H2 Babban banda, kamar yadda wannan takamaiman gazawar ba ta shafe shi ba.

Hakanan an sami rahotanni na yuwuwar al'amurra tare da manyan canja wurin fayil. SSD Saukewa: KB5063878, ko da yake Ba a tabbatar ba a hukumance ko ana aiki da takamaiman mafita. don wannan hali. A kowane hali, Shawarar gabaɗaya ita ce a yi amfani da OOB mai gyara da saka idanu sadarwar Microsoft na hukuma don kowane ƙarin faci.

Mafi kyawun ayyuka lokacin amfani da sabunta OOB

Idan kai mai amfani ne na gida, tabbatar da Sabuntawar Windows yana aiki kuma ka yi rajistan ɗaukakawa da hannu. lokacin da Microsoft ya fitar da OOB. A yawancin lokuta ana shigar dasu ta atomatik ko suna bayyana azaman “na zaɓi”, ya danganta da yanayin facin da sigar Windows.

A cikin ƙungiyoyi, gwada farko a cikin zoben sarrafawa da canje-canjen daftarin aiki. Wasu OOBs suna cikin Microsoft Update Catalog kawai kuma suna buƙatar shigarwa da hannu ko ta kayan aikin sarrafa ku. Bincika sanannun illolin illa da matsayin lafiyar Windows akan allon saƙo na hukuma. don daidaita taga gyaran ku. Bayani mai amfani: Cibiyar Saƙon Windows.

Lokacin da OOB ke hari cibiyoyin sadarwa, masu sarrafa yanki, ko ɓoyewa, yana nuna babban haɗarin aiki idan ba a gyara ba da wuri. Yana auna tasirin ci gaba da abin da ya faru akan haɗarin gabatar da ƙaramin koma baya lokacin sabuntawa. Gabaɗaya, faci na waje suna amsa ga gaggawa waɗanda ke ba da izinin turawa cikin sauri.

Idan wani abu ba daidai ba bayan shigarwa (audio, apps kankare, etc.), Shiga batun akan Tashar martani kuma duba hanyoyin warwarewa cewa Microsoft na iya ba da shawara yayin da ake jiran ƙarin bita. Ajiye backups da mayar maki idan manufofin IT ɗin ku sun yarda da shi.

Sauran amfani da kalmar OOB waɗanda zasu iya ruɗe ku

OOB ba koyaushe yana nufin Sabuntawar Windows ba.. A cikin takaddun Microsoft da jargon fasaha kuma yana bayyana ƙarƙashin .NET, cibiyoyin sadarwa da sadarwaYana da mahimmanci a rarrabe su don kada a haɗa ra'ayi ko matakai.

Out-of-band (OOB) a cikin NET: Fakitin da ba na-band ba da fasali

A cikin .NET Framework, “daga bandeji” yana gano abubuwan da Microsoft ke fitarwa a wajen tsarin rayuwar su.. Manufar ita ce a hanzarta isar da kayan haɓɓakawar dandamali ko gabatar da iyakoki ba tare da jiran babban saki ba. na Tsarin.

Ana rarraba waɗannan fakitin OOB ta hanyar NuGet, mai sarrafa fakitin na .NET hadedde cikin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin aiki tun 2012. Babban fa'idar ita ce aikace-aikacen na iya haɗawa da waɗancan majalisu tare da mai shigar da kansa., ba tare da buƙatar mai amfani don samun sabuwar cikakkiyar sigar .NET Framework a kan tsarin ba.

Ta yaya zan ƙara su daga Visual Studio? Yana da sauki: Bude menu na mahallin aikin kuma zaɓi "Sarrafa Fakitin NuGet"; a cikin hagu panel zaɓi "Online", Kunna sigar samfoti idan kuna buƙata, kuma bincika kunshin da ake so. Yawancin fakitin Microsoft na hukuma ana gane su ta tambarin NET da editan Microsoft.Lokacin tattarawa da turawa, tarukan OOB suna tafiya tare da aikace-aikacenku.

Nau'in iri: : ya saba don kunshin OOB ya wuce na farko-juzu'i (yawanci ba a sake rarrabawa ba, gwaji da kuma mayar da martani) da ingantaccen sigar da aka ba da lasisi don sake rarrabawa. Microsoft yana bayarwa goyon baya, IntelliSense da takardu don fakitin barga, kuma a wasu lokuta buga lambar tusheDon ci gaba da sabuntawa, shafin yanar gizon su na fasaha yana sanar da sabbin ko sabunta fakiti.

Gudanar da Wuta na Banɗa (OOBM) a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa

Gudanar da Out-of-Band amintacciyar hanya ce, madadin hanyar shiga kwamfutoci da na'urori na cibiyar sadarwa ba tare da dogaro da LAN na kamfani ba.. Yana da mahimmanci lokacin da babbar hanyar sadarwa ta gaza ko kuma lokacin da kuke buƙatar kutsa kai cikin nesa kamar an haɗa ku cikin gida..

Ana amfani da kayan aikin software don saka idanu da warware matsalolin nesa., amma dogara akan hanyar sadarwa tana aiki. Sabar na'ura mai kwakwalwa tana ba da damar OOBM bisa ga hardware, tare da tashoshin jiragen ruwa kebul, RS-232 ko Ethernet, don Sake saita, sake yi, ko sake tunanin na'urori daga ko'ina da kan kowane dandamali, rage girman el tiempo na rashin aiki.

Idan kun haɗu da waɗannan sabobin tare da tsarin gudanarwa na tsakiya a cikin gajimare ko kan-prem, kun samu a Gilashin guda ɗaya don samun amintaccen dama, ƙaddamar da aiki mai ƙima, daidaitawa, sabunta firmware, saka idanu, da aiki da kai. Hanya ce ta musamman mai amfani a ciki manyan kamfanoni da aka rarraba (banki, inshora, asibitoci, kayan aiki, dillalai ko ilimi) ba tare da ma'aikatan IT na kan layi ba.

A cikin NOC, mafi kyawun dandamali yana ba da izini tsarin kulawa ta atomatik, kayan aiki na kaya da kuma nazarin aikin, tattara kididdiga da samar da rahotanni daga bayanai a cikin SQL, gudanar da rubutun zuwa turawa, tabbatarwar firmware, da rarrabawar daidaitawada kuma rage sa hannun hannu ta yadda komai ya tafi daidai.

Bayanan OOB akan soket da TCP: tashar gaggawa ta fita daga jerin

A cikin abstraction na rafukan rafi akwai ra'ayi na "bayanan ba-bandi": a tashar ma'ana mai zaman kanta mai alaƙa da nau'i-nau'i na kwasfa masu haɗawa Wannan damar yi alama da isar da bayanai na musamman a waje da kwararar al'ada. Ka'idoji kamar TCP suna aiwatar da shi azaman bayanan "gaggawa".

A cikin Windows Sockets zaka iya bincika idan akwai bayanan OOB masu jiran aiki tare da ioctlsocket/WSAIoctl da SIOCATMARK, kuma ku yanke shawarar yadda za ku karanta su. Idan baka kunna SO_OOBINLINE ba, aikace-aikacen yana karɓar sanarwar FD_OOB (ta WSAsyncSelect) ko soket ya bayyana a bandafds lokacin amfani da zaɓi, kuma Kuna iya karanta toshe na gaggawa tare da MSG_OOB ba tare da haɗawa da kwararar al'ada ba.

Idan kun kunna SO_OOBINLINE, ana haɗa bayanai na gaggawa a daidai tsari na kwarara.. Ba za ku iya amfani da MSG_OOB ba A wannan yanayin, sanarwar suna zuwa kamar bayanan al'ada (FD_READ/readfds). Ana mutunta iyakokin toshe gaggawa, don haka karatun ya bambanta a fili abin da ke gaba, abin da yake gaggawa, da abin da ke bayansa.

A cikin TCP akwai nuances na tarihi tsakanin karatun BSD da abin da RFC 1122 ke buƙata: A cikin BSD mai nunin gaggawa yana nuni ga byte bayan gaggawa, yayin da a cikin RFC 1122 ya nuna ta gaggawar byte kanta. Wannan na iya haifar da matsala tsakanin aiki. idan daya karshen daukan daya model da sauran akasin. Don haka, Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da bayanan OOB sai dai idan ya zama dole. don yin magana da sabis na yanzu, kuma ana ba da shawarar hakan Masu bayarwa suna rubuta tafsirinsu.

Yadda ake rarrabe kowane nau'in OOB gwargwadon bukatunku

Idan matsalar ku babbar matsala ce bayan facin Windows (VPN, SSL/TLS, sake saitin PC), kuna fuskantar Sabuntawar Windows daga-da-akwatin. Nemo madaidaicin KB a cikin Sabuntawar Windows ko a cikin Microsoft Update Catalog kuma yi amfani da facin bisa ga manufofin ku.

Idan kai mai haɓaka NET ne kuma kana buƙatar API ko haɓakawa wanda baya cikin Tsarin tushe, muna magana akan OOB fakiti ta hanyar NuGet. Ƙara su zuwa aikin ku kuma rarraba taro tare da aikace-aikacenku ba tare da buƙatar sabon Tsarin daga mai amfani ba.

Idan kuna sarrafa abubuwan more rayuwa kuma kuna buƙatar samun dama lokacin da LAN ta ƙare, naku ne OBM: Sabis na Console da dandamali na tsakiya don tabbatar da samun dama, ganuwa, da aiki da kai ba tare da dogaro da babbar hanyar sadarwa ba.

Idan kun yi kuskuren sadarwa ko haɓaka a ƙananan matakin tare da soket, OOB yana nufin bayanan gaggawa sun fita daga kwarara tare da zaɓuɓɓuka kamar SO_OOBINLINE, nau'ikan kamar FD_OOB, da kuma kira kamar recv tare da MSG_OOB. Daidaita ɗabi'a bisa ƙa'idar ku da bukatun haɗin kai.

Kalmar OOB ta haɗa ra'ayoyi daban-daban waɗanda bai kamata a haɗa su ba.: Windows Update hotfixes, NET fakitin da aka rarraba ta hanyar NuGet, sarrafa nesa na waje, da bayanai masu saurin lokaci akan kwasfa. Fahimtar mahallin zai ba ku damar yin aiki da sauri kan abubuwan da suka faru masu mahimmanci, zaɓi dabarun turawa daidai, da guje wa rudani na fasaha. lokacin da kuka karanta "Bayan-band" a cikin takaddun bayanai ko bayanan saki.