Menene direbobin ASIO kuma ta yaya suke shafar latency?

Idan kuna aiki da sauti akan PC, ba dade ko ba jima zaku ji labarin sauti direbobi ASIO. Su ne mabuɗin don tabbatar da komai yana gudana tare da mafi ƙarancin jinkiri tsakanin software ɗinku da mahallin sautinku — maɓalli lokacin da kuke son kunnawa, waƙa, ko saka idanu a ainihin lokacin ba tare da fuskantar jinkiri mai ban haushi ba. A takaice, ASIO shine ƙananan latency, gada mai aminci wanda ke haɗa kayan aikin ku da makirufo zuwa wurin aikin sauti na ku.

Bayan kanun labarai, fahimtar abin da suke, yadda suke aiki, da kuma dalilin da yasa suke bambanta kansu daga sauran masu kula da tsarin yana da mahimmanci. Sanin iyakokin su, madadinsu, da daidaitaccen tsari zai cece ku sa'o'i na takaici. Anan zaku sami cikakken jagora tare da mahallin tarihi don ku iya yanke shawara mai kyau. saita tsarin ku cikin hikima daga farkon minti.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Yadda za a gyara latency audio a cikin Windows 11 mataki-mataki

Menene direbobin ASIO?

ASIO tana tsaye ga Audio Stream Input/Output, ƙa'idar da Steinberg ta ayyana don Windows wanda ke ba da hanya kai tsaye tsakanin aikace-aikacen sauti da hardware. Falsafarta mai sauki ce: kauce wa tsaka-tsakin yadudduka na tsarin cewa ƙara latency batutuwa da yuwuwar sauye-sauye, da yin magana da mu'amalar mai jiwuwa nan da nan kuma daidai gwargwadon yiwu.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi godiya da shi shine cewa yana iya ba da kayan aiki iri ɗaya akan wasu rafukan, wanda ke nufin haka 'yan rago da ka aika su ne suke isowa zuwa katin ba tare da tsarin ya haɗa ko sake sakewa ba. Don yin rikodi mai mahimmanci, gyarawa, da ayyukan sauraren magana, wannan gaskiyar zinari ne mai tsafta.

A tarihi, ASIO ta fito a matsayin madadin daidaitaccen hanyar sauti na Windows, wanda tsawon shekaru ya ƙunshi abubuwa kamar KMixer. Wannan mahaɗin software, mai amfani don amfanin gaba ɗaya, gabatar latency da canje-canje a cikin audioAsio an tsara shi "waƙa mai sauri" don ƙwararren mai ƙwararru, rage jinkirtawa da nisantar aiki mara amfani.

Kodayake mazauninta na asali shine Windows, waɗannan ƙalubalen an warware su daban akan sauran dandamali. MacOS yana da Core Audio, yayin da Linux an yi amfani da batura kamar JACK. Duk da haka, ASIO ya zama ma'auni na gaskiya akan Windows ga waɗanda ke neman yin aiki tare da kayan aikin kama-da-wane, rikodin tashoshi da yawa, da saka idanu na ainihi.

ASIO vs. Sauran Direbobin Windows

A mafi yawan kwamfutoci, haɗin haɗin sautin na'urar an yi niyya ne don dalilai na nishaɗi: wasa, bidiyo, kiran bidiyo, da sautunan tsarin. Ana yawan samun direbobi kamar MME/DirectX, DirectSound, ko WASAPI. Don waɗannan amfani, cikakken kwanciyar hankali da daidaituwa ya zarce latency ultra-low.

ASIO, a gefe guda, tana mai da hankali kan ba da damar DAW ɗin ku (Ableton Live, Pro Tools, Cubase, da sauransu) don samun damar yin amfani da keɓancewar iska kai tsaye. Wannan damar tana ba ku damar sarrafa abubuwan da aka shigar da abubuwan da ake fitarwa a hankali, yin aiki a ƙimar samfuri mai girma da zurfin zurfafa, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, datsa el tiempo zagaye audioWannan shine bambanci tsakanin iya kunna kayan aikin kama-da-wane cikin kwanciyar hankali ko fuskantar amsa mai hanawa.

Don mahallin tarihi, Windows Vista ta cire KMixer kuma ta gabatar da WaveRT zuwa tsarin tsarin sauti. Duk da yake wannan mataki ne na gaba, WaverT ba a yi niyya don daidaita sauti tsakanin aikace-aikace da yawa ko aiki da su ba ƙwararrun agogo na waje yadda da yawa Studios ke bukata. Shi ya sa, ko da tare da inganta Windows, ASIO ya kasance mafi fifiko a cikin yanayin samarwa.

Bayani mai amfani: zaku sami waɗanda suka ce WASAPI baya goyan bayan 24-bit. A aikace, WASAPI tana goyan bayan manyan ƙira, amma ƙwarewar rashin jinkirin ASIO da sarrafa I/O tashoshi da yawa har yanzu suna da bambanci. samar da kiɗa. Amfanin ASIO ba shine kawai tsarin ba, amma hanyar da aka inganta tsakanin software da hardware da ƙwararrun muhallinta.

Latency Audio: Menene Kuma Yadda ASIO ke Rage shi

Latency yana bayyana lokacin da ake ɗaukar sauti don tafiya daga tushen (misali, muryar ku tana zuwa ta makirufo) har sai kun ji ta na'urorin saka idanu ko belun kunne. Ana auna shi cikin millise seconds: 1.000 ms yayi daidai da cikakken daƙiƙa ɗayaA cikin kida na ainihi, ko da 15-20 ms na iya zama sananne, kuma duk abin da ke sama da 30-40 ms yawanci yana jin haushi don wasa ko waƙa.

ASIO yana rage jinkiri ta hanyar ketare yadudduka na tsarin da samun dama ga mu'amala mai jiwuwa tare da ingantattun maɓalli. Ta hanyar rage adadin bayanan da aka adana a cikin kowane buffer da zurfin sarkar sarrafawa, yana rage lokacin tafiyaWannan yana ba ku damar saka idanu tare da tasiri, kunna kayan aikin kama-da-wane, ko yin rikodi akan gaurayawan ba tare da wani abin jin "samun amsa" ba.

Lura cewa latency ya dogara da farko akan girman buffer da ingancin direba, ba sosai akan ƙimar samfurin ko zurfin bit ba. Duk sauran abubuwa daidai suke, ƙaramin buffer yawanci yana ba da ƙarancin latency amma yana buƙatar ƙarin CPU, kuma mafi girma yana ba da kwanciyar hankali a farashin mafi girma. Wannan ma'auni shine mabuɗin zama mai santsi.

Don haka, lokacin amfani da direban ASIO, yana da mahimmanci a sami kwamiti mai sadaukarwa inda zaku iya zaɓar girman buffer, ƙimar samfurin, da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan aiki. Gyara shi zuwa aikin ku da ƙarfin kwamfutar ku shine hanyar da za ku bi. gano wuri mai dadi tsakanin latency da kwanciyar hankali.

Quality, bit zurfin da samfurin kudi

Zurfin Bit yana bayyana adadin bayanai da aka kama a cikin kowane samfurin, yana shafar kewayo mai ƙarfi da amo. A aikace, 16-bit shine ma'aunin CD kuma 24 ragowa suna haɓaka kewayo mai ƙarfi kuma suna sauƙaƙa yin aiki tare da ƙarin 'yanci a haɗawa da rikodi.

Adadin samfurin yana nuna adadin samfuran da aka rubuta a cikin daƙiƙa guda. 44,1 kHz shine ma'aunin CD; 48 kHz ya zama ruwan dare a cikin bidiyo da wasanni da yawa. apps; kuma akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu girma kamar 88,2, 96, 176,4, ko 192 kHz. Misali, wasu mashahuran hanyoyin sadarwa, kamar su Focusrite Solo na ƙarni na biyu, Suna ba da damar aiki daga 44,1 zuwa 192 kHz tare da zurfin 24-bit.

A cikin ka'idar, mitoci masu girma da ƙarin ragi suna daidai da aminci mafi kyau, amma akwai ɓangarorin ciniki: amfani da CPU da haɓaka kayan aikin bayanai. Hakanan, kar a rikita inganci tare da latency: Ƙara yawan samfurin ba shi da kansa ya rage jinkirin da aka gane.Latency yana da alaƙa kusa da girman buffer da ingancin direba.

A aikace, don ayyukan kiɗa na gaba ɗaya ko raye-raye, 24-bit da 44,1/48 kHz kyakkyawan saiti ne. Wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi-kamar wasu taken koyo na gita-suna ba da shawarar 16-bit da 48 kHz don dacewa. Idan ba kwa buƙatar saka idanu na ainihi, latency ba haka yake matsi ba kuma zaka iya ba da fifiko ga kwanciyar hankali ko amfani da CPU mafi girma idan aikin yana buƙatar sa.

Wani fa'ida da aka danganta ga ASIO shine ikon yin aiki tare da 24-bit cikin sauƙi, wani abu wanda tarihi ya fi rikitarwa a cikin manyan hanyoyin Windows. Sau da yawa ana cewa "ASIO yana ba da damar 24-bit kuma WASAPI baya," kodayake a gaskiya WASAPI na iya amfani da tsararren ƙira.Bambanci mai mahimmanci shine shiga kai tsaye da sarrafawa wanda ASIO ke bayarwa ga software na ƙwararru.

Daidaituwar ASIO, Platform, da Ecosystem

Yawancin DAWs na asali sun san ASIO: Pro Tools, Ableton Live, Cubase, Reaper, da sauransu. Wasu aikace-aikace, kamar Audacity, Ba sa kunna ta ta tsohuwa saboda batutuwan lasisi., amma ana iya kunna shi tare da ƙayyadaddun gini ko amfani da hanyar haɗin yanar gizon ku. A kowane hali, tallafin ASIO kusan duniya ne a cikin samar da kiɗa.

A kan Windows, ASIO shine ma'aunin ƙwararru. A kan macOS, aikin ya faɗi zuwa Core Audio, wanda kuma yana ba da hanya mara ƙarfi. A kan Linux, haɗin ALSA da JACK na kowa ne, kuma wineasio ya wanzu tsawon shekaru a matsayin gwajin gwaji wanda ya ba da izini. Aikace-aikacen ASIO suna aiki Wine ta yin amfani da JACK a matsayin mai jiwuwa mai jiwuwa, tare da ƙananan sakamako na latency a cikin saitunan da aka daidaita.

ASIO kuma ta yi fice don samun damar shigar da bayanai masu zaman kansu da yawa da kuma abubuwan da aka fitar daga mu'amala guda ɗaya. Ya zama gama gari don buɗe kwamitin kuma ganin duk nau'ikan sitiriyo ko tashoshi guda ɗaya, sanya su zuwa waƙoƙin ciki ko bas. Wannan gajeriyar hanya yana sauƙaƙe rikodin tashoshi da yawa, Haɗaɗɗen saka idanu na al'ada da ci gaba da zirga-zirga ba tare da dogaro da mahaɗin tsarin ba.

Wani fasali mai mahimmanci shine fitarwa iri ɗaya na bit-for-bit, mai amfani lokacin da kuke buƙatar tantance fayil ko kunna shi baya canzawa. Don sake kunnawa, masu amfani da yawa suna amfani da kayan aikin fitarwa na ASIO don 'yan wasa kamar foobar2000 ko Winamp (a tarihi, buɗaɗɗen tushen abubuwan fitarwa na ASIO sun wanzu) don tabbatar da ƙarin kai tsaye kuma kauce wa tsarin canji.

Tsarin yanayi na kayan aiki da ayyuka masu dacewa sun haɓaka a kusa da ASIO. Waɗannan sun haɗa da SDKs na hukuma don masu haɓakawa, dakunan karatu kamar JUCE (wasu shahararriyar kayan aikin C++ don sauti), da kayan aikin gwaji kamar masu samar da sigina. Hakanan an sami direbobi na duniya kyauta kamar ASIO4ALL, ASIOx, da ASIO2KS, da ayyuka na ɓangare na uku kamar aikin kX don kwakwalwan kwamfuta na EMU10K1/10K2. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ayyukan an yi watsi da su. a tsawon lokaci, amma sun kasance masu mahimmanci a fadada daidaituwa da ganewar asali.

Zaɓin Hardware da Tukwici na Saita

Da farko: ASIO ba “kyauta ba ce” a ma’anar cewa kowane mu’amala ya zo da direban mallakarsa. Da kyau, ya kamata ka shigar da direba na hukuma kuma ka ci gaba da sabunta shi. Idan PC ɗin ku kawai ya haɗa sauti kuma ba shi da direban ASIO na asali, ASIO4ALL na iya aiki azaman gada, amma ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi azaman kayan aiki na wucin gadi don sa ido na asali, ba a matsayin maye gurbin keɓaɓɓen keɓancewa ba.

Lokacin tweaking tsarin ku, mayar da hankali kan girman buffer a cikin kwamitin ASIO. Don kunna kayan aikin kama-da-wane, ƙima tsakanin samfuran 64 da 128 yawanci suna ba da ƙwarewa sosai kan kayan aikin zamani. Idan dannawa ko bugu, yana ɗaga buffer mataki ɗaya. Don haɗawa mai nauyi da gyarawa, zaku iya aiki tare da 256-512 (ko fiye) saboda Latency ba ya da mahimmanci lokacin da ba a sa ido kai tsaye ba.

Dangane da inganci, 24-bit da 44,1/48 kHz suna rufe mafi yawan al'amuran. Idan takamaiman software yana ba da shawarar 48 kHz (misali, wasu shirye-shiryen guitar), yi amfani da shi don guje wa sake fasalin ciki. Kuma ku tuna: Ƙara yawan mitar yana ƙara yawan amfani, ba dole ba ne "ƙirar da aka gane" a cikin aikin da aka saba, musamman ma idan sarkar sauraron ku ba ta tabbatar da shi ba.

Game da kayan aiki, kar a yaudare ku da farashin dubawa kawai: akwai samfura masu araha tare da manyan direbobi da kayayyaki masu tsada tare da direbobi waɗanda ke da zafi. Makullin shine don masana'anta su kula da a mai kyau taki na updates da tallafi, tare da tsayayyen direbobi a cikin tsarin aiki halin yanzu da 64-bit. A tarihi, wasu samfuran sun sha wahala tare da tsalle zuwa x64 kuma tare da takamaiman ƙirar FireWire; yau da kebul aiwatar da kyau ya mamaye don sauƙi da dacewa.

Idan ba kwa buƙatar jin kanku a cikin ainihin lokaci (misali, idan kun yi rikodin waƙa sannan ku daidaita ta), kuna iya ba da izinin latency mafi girma don samun kwanciyar hankali. Amma idan kun yi wasa kai tsaye tare da VSTi ko kuma ku raira waƙa tare da lura da sakamako, fifiko shine a rage jinkiri. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, saita buffer zuwa mafi ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali kuma inganta tsarin (kashe ceton wutar lantarki, yi amfani da tashoshin USB na motherboard kai tsaye, da matakan kusa da ke gasa don CPU). Hakanan, idan kuna aiki tare da MIDI masu kula ko takalmi, duba saitunan su don guje wa ƙarin jinkiri.

A ƙarshe, yi amfani da kayan aikin bincike: masu samar da sigina da 'yan wasan da suka dace da ASIO na iya taimaka muku duba hanyoyin, tabbatarwa. gazawar hardware ko auna tsarin kwanciyar hankali. Abubuwan fitarwa na ASIO don masu kunna sauti, ƙari, Ana amfani da su don gwada sake kunnawa bit-by-bit ba tare da haɗa DAW ɗin ku ba, mai amfani lokacin da kuke daidaita yanayin.

Don rufe da'irar, yana da kyau a tuna cewa kafin ASIO, ba zai yuwu a kunna kayan aikin kama-da-wane da kyau a kan PC ba: sauti yana tafiya gaba da gaba ta cikin yadudduka na tsarin, yana tara manyan latencies marasa daidaituwa. Zuwan ASIO ya sauƙaƙe tsarin, daidaitaccen sadarwa, da kunna real-lokaci aiki da muke dauka a yau.

ASIO tana ba da kai tsaye, ƙarancin latency, babban aminci ga kayan aikin sauti a cikin Windows. Ta hanyar guje wa haɗakarwar tsarin kamar tsohuwar KMixer, bayar da kayan aiki na bit-by-bit, da kuma fallasa duk abubuwan da aka shigar / fitarwa tare da kulawa mai kyau, ya zama tushe mai kyau don samar da kiɗa da rikodi tare da amincewa. Haɗa direban jami'in da aka kula da shi sosai, girman buffer wanda ya dace da zaman ku, da ma'auni masu ma'ana (24-bit, 44,1/48 kHz), kuma kuna da ingantaccen yanayi don ƙirƙira. Ko tare da saka idanu na ainihi ko a cikin hadaddun ayyukan hadawa.

Ishaku

Marubuci mai sha'awa game da duniyar bytes da fasaha gabaɗaya. Ina son raba ilimina ta hanyar rubutu, kuma abin da zan yi ke nan a cikin wannan shafi, in nuna muku duk abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da na'urori, software, hardware, yanayin fasaha, da ƙari. Burina shine in taimaka muku kewaya duniyar dijital ta hanya mai sauƙi da nishaɗi.