Daidaita buffer da girman layi a cikin PowerShell da CMD

Lokacin aiki tare da na'ura wasan bidiyo a cikin Windows, daidaitawa girman buffer allo kuma adadin layin da ke cikin taga zai iya yin bambanci tsakanin zama mai santsi da ƙwarewar da ba za a iya jurewa ba. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin mahallin gudanarwa mai nisa (kamar damar shiga tare da SAC a cikin injunan kwalliya), Sanin yadda ake shuka ko zuƙowa na'ura wasan bidiyo da kuma sanya kayan aiki daidai yana da mahimmanci don guje wa rasa bayanai.

A cikin wannan jagorar ina gaya muku, tare da hanya kai tsaye kuma cike da umarni, yadda ake saita komai daga CMD y PowerShell: tun daga na asali zane controls da launuka, ta hanyar MODE da umarnin COLOR, don dagewa ta hanyar Rijista, haɓaka haɓakawa a cikin Windows 10 da amfani da yanayin buƙatu kamar su. Azure VM tare da SACHakanan za ku ga abin da Windows Console API don girman buffers/windows duka game da yadda duk ya dace tare da Windows. Terminal.

Menene buffer allo da yadda yake da alaƙa da taga

Makullin allo grid ne na sel masu hali (nisa x tsawo) kuma kowane na'ura wasan bidiyo yana da alaƙa da taga wanda ke nuna wani yanki na rectangular na wannan buffer. taga ba zai iya wucewa ba Girman buffer ko abin da allon ke ba da izini bisa ga girman font. Saboda haka, idan taga ya fi girma fiye da buffer, wasu ayyuka za su gaza.

Ayyukan API na Windows suna taimaka muku fahimta da daidaita waɗannan iyakoki: GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo yana dawo da girman buffer, matsayi na taga da iyakar yuwuwar girman da aka bayar da buffer/source/allon, yayin Girman Girman ConsoleWindow yana ƙididdige matsakaicin taga yana watsi da girman buffer. Don zuƙowa ciki ko waje, yi amfani SetConsoleScreenBufferSize (yana canza girman buffer) kuma SaitaConsoleWindowInfo (maimaimai ko sake mayar da taga) mutunta hani da aka ambata.

Daidaita girman buffer da adadin layuka a CMD

Don saurin daidaitawa daga na'urar wasan bidiyo da kanta, umarnin MODE CON Yana da na gargajiya: ayyana ginshiƙai (COLS) da layuka (LINES). Misali na yau da kullun zai kasance don saita ƙaramin na'ura wasan bidiyo tare da ginshiƙai 70 da layuka 9: MODE CON cols=70 lines=9. Wannan hanya yana rinjayar da girman taga da buffer a cikin wasa daya.

Idan kun fi son tsayin daka da tsarin granular, yi amfani da Console Properties (dama danna kan take> Properties). A cikin Zabuka shafin, kunna Saurin gyara e Sakawa don liƙa da sauri da zaɓi rubutu, da saita Tarihin Umurni: Girman Buffer zuwa 999 da Adadin Masu Buffer zuwa 5 (ƙarin riƙe layi yayin gungurawa). A kan Layout shafin, ɗaga Tsawon buffer (misali, 2500), kuma daidaita girman da matsayi na taga; idan kun cire alamar Bari tsarin ya sanya taga, zaku iya saita takamaiman daidaitawa.

Don keɓance karatu da ƙawa, zaɓi font da girma a cikin shafin Fuente, kuma ya bayyana launuka a cikin Launuka tab. Daga layin umarni kuma zaka iya canza launuka da COLOR da sifa hex mai lamba biyu (baya da rubutu). Misali: COLOR 0E yi amfani da bangon bango da rubutun rawaya; yana da amfani don saka idanu consoles a cikin duhu wurare.

Idan kana son wasu saitunan su ci gaba kuma a yi amfani da su ta tsohuwa, Windows yana adana su a cikin Registry. Maɓallan da suka fi dacewa: HKCU\Console\ (default) kuma HKCU\Console\%SystemRoot%_system32_cmd.exe (takamaiman zuwa cmd.exe). Kuna iya fitarwa/shigo da ƙima kamar QuickEdit, Girman ScreenBuffer, Girman Window, NumberOfHistoryBuffers, Matsayin Window o Girman TarihiBuffer tare da .REG don kwafin saitunanku ba tare da sake daidaitawa da hannu ba.

Bugu da kari, CMD farawa yana goyan bayan a autorun don nuna saƙonni ko gudanar da ayyuka duk lokacin da aka buɗe shi. A ciki HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor yana ƙirƙira (ko gyara) ƙimar kirtani Autorun kuma sanya shi misali: ECHO "Bienvenido a la consola"Yana da manufa don wuraren tallafi inda ake buƙatar gaisuwa ko gaggawar farko.

Dabaru mai amfani shine tattara saitunan zuwa cikin tsari. Haɗa girman da launi tare da wani abu kamar haka: @ECHO OFF & mode con cols=46 lines=9 & COLOR 1F & ECHO Variables...Wannan yana ba ku tagogi masu girma da launuka waɗanda aka riga aka ƙayyade, cikakke don rubutun da baya buƙatar gabaɗayan allo.

PowerShell da Girma: Abin da Za Ku Iya kuma Ba za ku Iya Yi ba

PowerShell yana amfani da iri ɗaya injin wasan bidiyo (conhost.exe) fiye da CMD, don haka yana gaji mafi yawan halaye iri ɗaya: girman bayyane ya dogara da buffer, taga, da girman font. Idan kun daidaita waɗannan sigogi ta hanyar Properties, zaku ga tasirin iri ɗaya a cikin PowerShell.

A cikin yanayin wasan bidiyo na serial tare da SAC (Console Gudanarwa na Musamman), ƙuntatawa ya fi girma: yanayin yana sanya rage buffer na 80×24 kuma ba tare da gungurawa baya ba, don haka yana da kyau a yi la'akari da shi | more a dogayen umarni. Don ci gaba, yi amfani da filin sararin samaniya (shafi) ko Shigar (layi). Manna gajerun hanyoyi kuma suna canzawa: akan serial console, manna yana tafiya tare SHIFT+INSERT.

Idan yawanci kuna neman gajeriyar hanyar madannai don canza girman font A kan tashi, babbar hanyar ita ce Properties> Source. A kan consoles na zamani, zaku iya canza girman taga ta hanyar jan sasanninta, kuma ana daidaita fitarwa tare da zaɓi don An daidaita fitowar rubutu akan girma, amma babu wata gajeriyar hanyar madannai ta duniya da aka rubuta a cikin kayan da muke sarrafa a nan.

Yin amfani da launuka, tsayin buffer, ko layuka daga PowerShell suna aiki daidai da na CMD, saboda kayan wasan bidiyo ne. Don sarrafa kayan aikin consoles tare da sigogin gani mai maimaitawa, ƙirƙiri bayanan martaba ko rubutun da ke aiki Mode y launi a farkon zaman, ko saita Properties na Window wanda aka liƙa zuwa takamaiman gajerun hanyoyi.

Amfani da SAC akan Windows da Azure: Iyakan Girma da Dabarun Rubutu

A kan Windows VMs (ciki har da Azure), SAC yana nan tun Windows Server 2003 amma ba shi da rauni. Ya dogara sacdrv.sys, sabis sacsvr da tsari sacsess.exe. Lokacin buɗe taga umarni a cikin SAC, sacsess.exe mashi cmd.exe a cikin OS mai gudana, kuma daga can za ku iya ƙaddamar da PowerShell, sarrafa ayyuka, ko matsa hanyar sadarwa da Tacewar zaɓi.

Saboda iyakataccen buffer 80x24 ba tare da gungurawa ba, tuna don ƙarawa | more ga kowane umarnin magana. Don liƙa a cikin serial console: SHIFT+INSERTA cikin dogayen rubutun, galibi yana da kyau a rubuta umarni a cikin editan gida kuma a liƙa su cikin SAC don guje wa gajerun matsalolin buffer.

Dokokin gudanarwa masu amfani a cikin CMD a cikin SAC: kunna RDP con reg add en HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server kuma a cikin hanyar siyasa idan an zartar; sarrafa sabis na Desktop mai nisa da sc (sc query termservice, sc config, sc start/stop); kuma ku taɓa net da netsh (nuna musaya, tilasta DHCP da netsh interface ip set address ... source=dhcp).

Don bincikar haɗin kai, ping y telnet (bayan kunna abokin ciniki tare da DISM) suna da kyau don gwaji mai sauri; a cikin PowerShell na zamani ya fi kyau Test-NetConnection (tashar jiragen ruwa sun haɗa). The Ƙaddamarwar DNS An tabbatar da shi nslookup o Resolve-DnsNameIdan kuna zargin Firewall, zaku iya lissafin takamaiman dokoki ko kashe bayanan martaba na ɗan lokaci netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off kuma sake kunnawa tare da ... on (kada ku daina MPSSVC ko BFE ko za ku rasa haɗin kai gaba ɗaya).

Don asusun gida, a cikin CMD: net user /add, net localgroup Administrators <usuario> /add, net user <usuario> /active:yes. A cikin PowerShell: New-LocalUser, Add-LocalGroupMember y Enable-LocalUser (a cikin sigar farko tana amfani da WMI). Yana da amfani sanin SID na ginanniyar asusun mai gudanarwa (S-1-5-21-*-500).

Log ɗin taron: A cikin CMD, wevtutil qe yana ba ku damar tace ta matakin, mai bayarwa da tazarar lokaci tare da XPath (misali tare da EventID=11 ko duba 4624); a cikin PowerShell, Get-WinEvent con -FilterXPath y -MaxEvents Duk iri ɗaya ne a gare ku tare da mafi kyawun tsarawa. Don lissafin software, wmic product Yana aiki (ku kula da tasirin); a cikin PowerShell kuma zaka iya duba WMI kuma cirewa da .Uninstall().

Mutuncin tsarin: sfc /scannow y dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth gano lalacewa; izini NTFS con icacls don fitarwa/ajiye/dawo da ACLs, da kuma mallaki tare da takeown idan ya cancanta. Share na'urorin PNP da ba su wanzu tare da RUNDLL32.exe ... pnpclean.dll,RunDLL_PnpClean /Devices /Maxclean. Tilasta sabunta manufofin tare da gpupdate /force. Sake farawa da shutdown /r /t 0 (o Restart-Computer con -Force).

Maimaita girman ta pixels vs. ta ginshiƙai/ layuka

Rashin fahimtar juna yana son gyara taga 600 × 125 pixels daidai daga PowerShell. An tsara na'urar wasan bidiyo ta gargajiya ta ginshiƙai/layi kuma daidaiton pixels ya dogara da font da girmansa. Don haka abin dogaro shine: 1) zaɓi font/size (Properties> Font), 2) daidaita buffer/taga tare da MODE CON ko daga Layout tab, da 3) daidaita matsayi/taga idan ya cancanta tare da Properties.

Idan kuna buƙatar daidaitattun shirye-shirye, API ɗin asalin yana bayarwa SetConsoleScreenBufferSize y SaitaConsoleWindowInfo. Koyaya, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa taga ba zai iya ƙetare buffer ba kuma ainihin matsakaicin girman ya dogara da allo da tushe; Girman Girman ConsoleWindow yana ba ku wannan babban iyaka ba tare da la'akari da buffer ba.

A cikin Windows 10, zaku iya ja kusurwa don sake girman taga, kuma tare da zaɓi don An daidaita fitowar rubutu akan girma Lokacin da aka kunna, ana naɗe rubutu don hana gungurawa a kwance a cikin ƙananan tagogi. Wannan hali mai ceton rai ne lokacin da ake sake tsara abubuwan ta'aziyya akan masu sa ido na NOC ko bangon fuska.

Haɓakawa na Console a cikin Windows 10 waɗanda ke taimakawa da girman

Na'urar wasan bidiyo tana samun gajerun hanyoyi Ctrl (kwafi / liƙa kamar yadda a cikin apps zamani), zaɓin rubutu na madannai mai tsawo da tallafi don kunsa zaɓi tsakanin layin kamar yadda zakuyi a edita. Bugu da kari, akwai tace abun ciki allon rubutu don musanya magana mai lanƙwasa ko wasu haruffa marasa goyan baya, guje wa matsala lokacin liƙa.

Wani sabon abu: zaka iya sake girman ta hanyar ja taga; lokacin da kuka yi haka, tsarin yana sabunta buffer da girman taga ta atomatik. Ga waɗanda suka gyara yawa, kunna Ana daidaita rubutun fitarwa lokacin da aka canza girman Yana da maɓalli, kamar yadda yake sake dawo da dogon layi lokacin rage girman.

Don kayan ado ko zoba tare da wasu ƙa'idodi, shafin Launuka hadedde da iko na Hakuri tsakanin 30% da 100%. A kashi 30% taga yana zama a zahiri a zahiri; yana da amfani ga saka idanu rajistan ayyukan ba tare da cikakken rufe kayan aikin tallafi ba.

Idan kun ga akwatin na Amfani da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa kunna, cire shi don kunna waɗannan fasalulluka na zamani. Da yawa sun yi launin toka yayin da yanayin gado ke kunne, don haka kashe shi kuma sake buɗe na'urar wasan bidiyo.

Windows Terminal: Ajiye saituna da bayanan martaba

Windows Terminal yana daidaita bayanan martabar CMD/PowerShell/WSL kuma saitunan su suna rayuwa a cikin wani settings.json en %LocalAppData%\Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState. Kafin a taɓa gyara mai kyau, yi madadin kwafin fayil ɗin zuwa hanya mai aminci (misali, D:\Backup) tare da: copy /y /v %LocalAppData%\Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState\settings.json D:\Backup.

Ana iya gyara wannan JSON tare da Notepad; can za ku iya pin masu girma da rubutu, Jigogi, bayyananniyar haske, launuka, da halayen gungurawa ga kowane bayanin martaba, yana ba ku madaidaiciyar hanya don buɗe abubuwan ta'aziyya tare da kamanni da girman da kuke so ba tare da dogaro da dannawa da hannu kowane lokaci ba.

Ayyukan hanyar sadarwa da Firewall: Maɓallin Dokokin Za ku Yi Godiya akan Ƙananan Consoles

Tare da ƙananan consoles, yana da kyau a yi amfani da taƙaitaccen umarni: Gwaji-NetConnection (PowerShell) ci gaba da gwajin ping da tashar jiragen ruwa tare da -Port; a cikin CMD, shigar TelnetClient tare da DISM da gwajin tashar jiragen ruwa tare da telnet host 80. Don DNS: Resolve-DnsName (PS) ya da nslookup (CMD). Ya fi tasiri a cikin tagogi tare da ƴan layukan da aka haɗa tare da | more in SAC.

Firewall: jera dokoki ta tashar jiragen ruwa tare da Get-NetFirewallPortFilter a cikin PowerShell (ko abu na COM hnetcfg.fwpolicy2 akan tsofaffin tsarin) da sarrafa bayanan martaba tare da Set-NetFirewallProfile. A cikin CMD, netsh advfirewall har yanzu yana aiki. Ka guji tsayawa MPSSVC ko BFE, ko za ku saukar da duk hanyar sadarwa.

Sabis, Shiga, da Tsarin: Mahimmanci don Zama Mai Nisa

Don Sabis na Desktop, PowerShell tare da WMI (Get-WmiObject Win32_Service) yana nuna muku asusun gida, irin taya, hanya da PID, da kuma jihar. Canja nau'in farawa da Set-Service da kuma dogara daga HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\TermService. Fara/tsayawa da Start-Service/Stop-Service.

A cikin yanayin yin rajista, PowerShell yana sarrafa maɓallai da Get-ItemProperty y Set-ItemProperty don dubawa ko kunna RDP. Idan manufar ƙungiya ta tilasta ƙima a cikin HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Terminal Services, tuna cewa canjin ku na iya sake rubutawa ta sabuntawar manufa ta gaba.

Binciken Tsarin: systeminfo y wmic os Suna ba ku sigar, ginawa, ranar shigarwa, yankin lokaci da taya ta ƙarshe. Domin Yanayin aminci, bcdedit /enum sannan tace by safeboot. Nan da nan sake farawa da shutdown /r /t 0 o Restart-Computer idan kun kasance a cikin PowerShell.

Rufewa, kwafi, motsi, da neman abun ciki: Yawan aiki na PowerShell

Ƙananan consoles suna tilasta maka ka buga da sauri. Samun-abun ciki tare da sigogi kamar -TotalCount o -Tail yana taimaka maka ganin farkon ko ƙarshen dogayen fayiloli. Don haɗawa ba tare da madauki ba, yi amfani gc *.txt -Exclude granben.txt > granben.txt, guje wa haɗa fayil ɗin fitarwa a cikin shigarwar kanta.

Channeling (|) yana haɓaka yawan aiki: gc archivo.txt | measure -Line -Word -Character yana ƙirga layi, kalmomi da haruffa. Zaɓi-Zaɓi (sls) yana neman tsari a cikin fayiloli da yawa tare da katunan daji kuma yana ba ku mahallin mahallin ba tare da buɗe su daban-daban ba.

Misali metadata a cikin Azure don inganta haɗin kai

A kan Azure VM, bincika Misalin Metadata Sabis Daga baƙo, gwada haɗin kai zuwa ayyukan Azure. A cikin PowerShell: $im = Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{'metadata'='true'} -Uri http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2017-08-01 -Method GET sa'an nan kuma $im | ConvertTo-Json gani osType, vm Girma, vmId, sunan, albarkatunGroupName ko masu zaman kansu/jama'a IPs. Idan wannan ya amsa, bako ya isa wurin mai masaukin baki na Azure.

Ka tuna cewa Azure NICs dole ne su yi amfani da su DHCP a cikin OS baƙo, har ma tare da tsayayyen IP da aka sanya a cikin Azure. Saita adaftar da Set-NetIPInterface -DHCP Enabled ko tare da WMI a cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan.

Don duba adaftar: Get-NetAdapter (ko WMI) yana nuna matsayi, kwatance da MAC. Kunna tare da Enable-NetAdapter ko kuma abin da ake kira WMI .Enable()Waɗannan tambayoyin ƙanƙanta ne kuma abokantaka zuwa na'urorin wasan bidiyo na gajeriyar layi.

A ƙarshe, tuna cewa a cikin zaman SAC tare da ƙayyadaddun buffer, cirewa Karshe con Remove-Module PSReadLine Guji ƙarin haruffa maras so lokacin liƙa tubalan rubutu; duba farko da Get-Module PSReadLine.

Tare da duk abubuwan da ke sama zaku iya girman girman na'urar wasan bidiyo da kyau (ta hanyar buffer da taga), kiyaye abin da ake iya karantawa, da gudanar da gudanarwa da bincike duka a gida da nesa tare da SAC, ba tare da rasa bayanai ba.

Gudanar da buffer, taga, da fitarwar rafi ba kawai game da dacewa ba ne: yana ba ku damar aiki da sauri, sanya windows akan manyan masu saka idanu, da kiyaye zaman tallafi a ƙarƙashin iko koda lokacin da yanayin ya sanya iyaka 80x24. MODE CON, Kayayyaki, Registry, API ɗin Console, Windows 10 haɓakawa da kuma horo na yin rubutu tare da | more, kuna da komai don CMD da PowerShell su dace da ku ba ta wata hanya ba.