FAT32 and NTFS They are not only the most common file systems in environments Windows, but they also represent two very different ways of managing data security and access. While FAT32 stands out for its broad compatibility, NTFS stands out for its robustness and offers multiple advanced features that make it the file system of choice for internal drives. storage.
In this article we explain in depth what permissions exist in each system, how they are managed when copying or moving files, the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and what type of devices you should use one or the other depending on your specific needs.
What is a file system and what do permissions do?
a file system It acts as a map that shows how files are stored and organized within a drive. It not only makes it easier for the operating system to access data, but also defines the rules of use, security and access of each file and folder.
In more advanced systems like NTFS, this map includes security options such as read, write, execute, encryption, auditing, and usage quotas. In older systems like FAT32, this control simply doesn't exist.
FAT32 was designed in an era where per-user security was not a concernWhile NTFS was born specifically thinking about environments with multiple users and critical data protection needs.
Differences between FAT32 and NTFS in terms of permissions
The main difference between these two formats is that NTFS allows you to apply custom access permissions for each file or folder, while FAT32 does not distinguish users. On FAT32, anyone with physical access to the drive can do whatever they want with all the files.
In NTFS, permissions are managed through an ACL (Access Control List) system where permissions are defined. who can do what with each object in the file system. This includes:
- Reading: The user can see the content.
- Writing: You can modify, delete or add content.
- Run: Allows you to run .exe files or scripts.
- Modify: Allows reading and writing, but does not remove permissions.
- Total control: Allows all previous permissions plus the ability to change them.
In addition, NTFS includes full support for security features such as File encryption, audit logging, disk quotas, and disaster recovery.
NTFS Permission Inheritance: How Permissions Are Applied and How Changes Affect Them
NTFS uses a hierarchical system where files and folders inherit permissions from the parent directory unless otherwise specified. Therefore, if a parent folder has restricted permissions, all subfolders and files will inherit them by default.
However, users can define explicit permissions for exceptions and can also modify whether inheritance is allowed or not. In addition, there are denial permits which have priority over those on leave.
These rules are cumulative, so a user may have privileges by being part of several groups with different permissions.
What happens to permissions when copying and moving files in NTFS?
There is one important nuance to keep in mind when moving or copying files on NTFS volumes: Permissions can be inherited or retained depending on the action performed.
- If you copy a file to another location: inherits the permissions of the destination folder.
- If you move a file within the same volume: retains its original permissions.
- If you move a file to another volume: inherits permissions from the new destination.
This can be controlled with tools like Robocopy or Xcopy, which allow you to maintain the original permissions using specific parameters such as /O o /X.
Key technical differences between FAT32 and NTFS
Beyond the permits, there are other technical characteristics that differentiate themNTFS supports larger volumes, larger files, and advanced recovery and security features. FAT32, on the other hand, is simpler and compatible with most devices and OS, but limited in capabilities and permission management.
Passionate writer about the world of bytes and technology in general. I love sharing my knowledge through writing, and that's what I'll do on this blog, show you all the most interesting things about gadgets, software, hardware, tech trends, and more. My goal is to help you navigate the digital world in a simple and entertaining way.