Most popular and in-demand programming languages

Deciding to learn to program is one of the greatest challenges and smartest steps you can take in today's world. However, one of the first questions that arises when starting out is as basic as it is inevitable: with what language of programming do I start? Nowadays, the range of options is so vast that finding the right one can be overwhelming, especially if you're not sure which one best suits your interests, job demands, or future goals. This article will serve as a guide to clear up any doubts: from What a programming language is and how it is classified, to a review of the most requested currently, trends in IA, free tips and resources to get started from scratch.

Throughout this guide, I'm going to put you on the table all the most relevant and up-to-date information So you can identify which programming languages truly make a difference in the technology sector. You'll also have clear ideas at hand to help you make informed choices, without being swayed by trends or general recommendations.

What do we mean by programming language?

Before we get into the swing of things, it's worth clarifying the basics: A programming language is the system we use to communicate with a computer. Through these languages, we give precise instructions to perform virtually any task: from displaying a website or analyzing information, to controlling robots or create apps.

Each language follows specific rules and syntax.This means there are different styles, levels of difficulty, and ways of approaching problems. And yes, not all of them are used for the same thing: some are designed for general tasks, others for very specific functions.

Main ways of classifying programming languages

The variety is so great that, to put it in order, it is convenient to know the main ways of classifying languagesThese categories will help you navigate among the many options:

1. By level of abstraction

• Low level: These are the closest to the computer's own language (very similar to machine code). As a general rule, they are complex to write and understand, but they allow for maximum performance optimization. A classic example would be assembler.
• High level: Its syntax is more similar to human language, so are much more accessible for beginners. They are ideal for developing applications without having to deal with the intricacies of the hardware. Here Python and JavaScript stand out.

2. By programming paradigm

• imperatives: They focus their attention on how things are doneThe programmer defines the process step by step. A clear example: C.
• declaratives: Here the important thing is what you want to achieve, letting the system manage how to do it. SQL is the perfect example.
• Object-orientedThey organize code into "objects" that group data and functions, facilitating reuse. Java is the paradigm in this category.
• Functional: Based on mathematical functions, ideal for tasks in which the reliability is a priority. Haskell stands out among the best known.

3. According to its purpose

• General purpose: They're useful for a wide range of tasks, from websites to data analysis. Python or JavaScript are the kings in this group.
• Specific purpose: They are created to address a specific need or a very specific environment. R, for example, is irreplaceable in statistics.

Most in-demand and used programming languages in 2025

The tech sector is changing rapidly, but there are languages that appear in every ranking, report, and job posting every year. Gathering data from surveys like PYPL, TIOBE and Stack Overflow, along with the experience of professional developers, here's the most up-to-date and realistic list of the languages that really matter today and will dominate the market:

Python

Python is the real star of the moment, leading virtually all global indices both for its popularity and for the enormous variety of applications it allows. It is very easy to learn, thanks to its syntax that closely resembles common English, which makes it the perfect entrance door for starters.

Where does it shine? Artificial intelligence, data science, machine learning, web development (Django, Flask), automation, scripting, and more. Plus, its community is huge, and the amount of free resources available makes it easy to get started, even from scratch. To dig deeper into current trends, you can check out our section on Python examples for AI.

JavaScript

It has established itself as The essential language if you want to develop for the web. Essential for both the client-side (front-end) as for the server side (Node.js), JavaScript brings pages to life, enabling everything from animations to modern interactive apps.

If you are attracted to the web world, JavaScript is a must. In addition, frameworks such as React, Vue.js or Angular have made it even more popular. Its initial learning curve is user-friendly, and you can literally run it in any browser.

Java

With more than two decades behind him, Java remains a mainstay in enterprise and mobile application development.. Its greatest strength is the portability and robustness: Programs written in Java run without modification on any operating system that has the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Thousands of companies use it in banking, finance, large platforms, apps Android and critical systems. Although its initial learning curve may seem more arid than others, it remains one of the best options for working in a corporate environment.

C, C++ and C#

• C: The father of modern languages, it is still used in systems development, embedded software, or when full control of the hardware is needed.
• C++: Adds object orientation and is used in games, high-performance software, OS and apps where efficiency is crucial. It's also one of the most versatile: you can create from video games even banking systems.
• C#: Created by Microsoft, it has made a very important place for itself in Video games (Unity), desktop and back-end development in Windows environments (.NET)It's easier to learn than C or C++ and allows you to create cross-platform apps, from games to cloud services.

TypeScript

TypeScript is, to put it simply, Improved JavaScript: adds static typing, allowing errors to be detected before code execution and making it easier to scale large projects. It's fully compatible with JavaScript, and more companies are adopting this language every year, especially for complex web projects and enterprise apps.

Go

Created by Google to address the challenges of large-scale computing, Go (or Golang) stands out for the simplicity of its syntax and its superior ability to manage concurrencyYou'll see it increasingly in cloud platforms, microservices, and systems that need to be robust and scalable. It's gaining followers at top speed.

Peace

If you're looking for performance without sacrificing safety, Rust is the language of the momentIts design prevents errors that are often a headache in C or C++ (such as memory errors), and although it has a considerable learning curve, its adoption continues to grow in critical systems, blockchain, and solutions that require maximum reliability.

Kotlin

Kotlin is the jewel of Android developers: Backed by Google, it allows you to write mobile apps with a clearer, more modern syntax than JavaPlus, its multiplatform orientation is gaining ground every day. If you want to create mobile apps, it's one of the best options.

Swift

Swift is essential if you want to develop for the Apple ecosystem.. Designed to be secure, fast and modern, it allows you to create applications for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS much more efficiently than with its Objective-C predecessor.

SQL and Ruby

• SQL: Vital for manipulating, querying and analyzing data in databases Relational databases. Its syntax is simple and it is implemented in almost all environments where information management is required. If you want to learn more about databases, you can check out our article on data management tools.
• RubyAlthough its popularity has declined somewhat, it remains a solid option for web development, especially thanks to the Ruby on Rails framework. It's highly valued for its simplicity and productivity.

Which emerging languages deserve attention?

The landscape is never still, and every year new languages emerge that attract attention for their innovative proposals:

• zig: A simple alternative to Rust that is quickly climbing the rankings.
• Mojo: It has positioned itself as the "fastest Python," focusing on addressing the performance bottlenecks of traditional Python. It could break into the top 20 in the short term.

Why is artificial intelligence revolutionizing programming?

AI has transformed the programmer's daily life from top to bottom.Today there are assistants like GitHub Copilot that generate code, fix bugs, and suggest improvements in real time, eliminating repetitive tasks and allowing you to focus on creativity and architecture.

Knowing how to program is still essential to take advantage of these tools, since AI boosts productivity, but you need to understand the fundamentals to build genuinely useful and efficient solutions..

How to choose the best language for you?

The answer depends on very personal factors, so here are some practical tips:

• Think about what you want to buildIf you're looking for websites, JavaScript or TypeScript is your thing. Are you passionate about data and AI? Go for Python. Mobile apps? Kotlin (Android) or Swift (Apple). You might also be interested in learning about How the operating system works in software management.
• You are an absolute beginnerThe most important thing is how user-friendly and simple the language is. Python and JavaScript tend to be the favorites so you don't get lost when you're starting out.
• If you are looking for the greatest employabilityResearch job openings in your country or industry and see which languages are most in-demand. Python, JavaScript, Java, and SQL are still safe bets.
• Environments and platformsFor video games, C# (Unity). For Apple apps, Swift. In the cloud and modern systems, Go and Rust are in high demand. To delve deeper into related environments, you can learn more at How to install Java on Windows.

My advice: Start with the simplest and most useful, like Python or JavaScript, and then expand your knowledge based on your interests or professional needs. Don't underestimate the value of mastering one language before moving on to the next: a solid foundation allows you to learn others much faster and with less effort.

The TOP free courses to learn cutting-edge languages

One thing is clear: Today you can learn to program for free and from scratch. Thanks to the wealth of quality online courses available on platforms like edX, Udemy, Coursera, Netacad, UNAM, and even internationally renowned universities. Here's a selection by language, perfect for choosing according to your priorities:

Python

• Python Basics (Cisco): For those starting from scratch, it covers everything from variables to control structures and lists.
• Programming for Everyone (University of Michigan): Basics, Variables, and Functions in a Progressive Environment.
• Basic Python Course from Scratch (Udemy): A very entertaining video to get you started programming right away.
• Python: Learn to Program (Polytechnic University of Valencia): Very comprehensive, focused on those seeking an academic approach.

C++

• IBM: Fundamentals of C++ (edX): Learning essential concepts and data types.
• Introduction to C++ (Microsoft, edX): Practical and designed for those who want to go further.
• Codio: C++ Programming: Basic Skills (edX): Ideal for getting started without installing anything locally.
• Basic C++ Course (Easy Code): Inspired by the first steps and basic syntax.

Java

• UC3Mx: Introduction to Java Programming (edX): Three courses, from basic to data structure management.
• GalileoX: Java Programming Fundamentals (edX): To master the Java environment from scratch.
• Free Java Course (UNAM): From the basics to the advanced, aimed at both beginners and those looking to go deeper.

C

• UAMx: Introduction to C Programming (edX): Covers data types, control flow, pointers, and functions.
• C for Everyone: Programming Fundamentals (Coursera): Everything you need to write your first C program.
• Free C programming course (UNAM): Step by step from the basics.

C#

• Free C# Course (Open Bootcamp): Direct and focused on acquiring a solid foundation.
• Learn C# (Microsoft Dotnet): Series of tutorials, videos, and interactive exercises.
• Introduction to Programming With C# (Coursera): Highly visual introductory course.
• Introduction to C# and Unity Programming (Coursera): Ideal if you want to make the leap into video game development.

Popularity and trends of languages in the most reliable rankings

Major consulting firms and programming platforms publish their popularity indices annually. TIOBE index and the PYPL are key reference:

According to TIOBE (January 2025), the TOP 5 is:

1. Python: 23,28% (+9,32% compared to the previous year)
2. C ++: 10,29% (+0,33%)
3. Java: 10,15% (+2,28%)
4. C: 8,86% (downward)
5. C #: 4,45% (slight decrease)

Additionally, tools like Stack Overflow confirm the hegemony of Python, JavaScript and Java, and show how Rust, Go and Kotlin They are rising sharply due to their security, performance, and advantages in mobile or cloud development.

How does digitalization affect job opportunities in Spain?

The rise of startups and digital transformation of the public and private sectors are multiplying the demand for developers in the Spanish market. Areas such as AI, cloud computing, mobile apps, and data analytics are the main drivers of growth, and profiles proficient in Python, JavaScript, Go, Swift, Java, and C# are particularly sought after.

With the rise of mobile apps, Swift and Kotlin are gaining more and more groundWhile Go and Rust are being demanded in positions related to distributed systems and cloud computingTo better understand these trends, it may be helpful to consult .

Advantages of learning to program today

Programming is no longer just a profession reserved for computer scientists or engineers: more and more companies and industries need people capable of creating, maintaining, and analyzing software. Learning to program opens the door to well-paying jobs, new opportunities, and a much more agile way of solving problems, automating tasks, and creating your own projects..

Furthermore, the Artificial intelligence makes learning easier and fasterYou can practice, correct yourself, and experiment with smart assistants, without fear of making mistakes. All you need is a desire to improve and a little perseverance.

After exploring all the options, trends, and resources, it's clear that the world of programming is more accessible, diverse, and exciting than ever. No matter your age or experience, with the right tools and languages, you can start building your digital future today.