What is the Matter 2.0 protocol and how is it changing home automation?

If you've ever tried to connect a smart bulb, an LED strip, and a voice assistant speaker and ended up with five different apps on your phone, you've already experienced the chaos of the connected home of the last years. Matter 2.0 arrives precisely to bring order to that chaos, unifying brands, assistants, and devices under the same technical language.

The most curious thing is that, in many homes, this revolution is already underway without anyone even noticing. A simple firmware update on speakers, hubs or routers has enabled support for Matter in the backgroundallowing products from different manufacturers to begin to understand each other and function more stably, quickly and securely, even when the internet connection fails.

What is the Matter protocol and why is it so important?

Matter is an open connectivity standard for the Internet of Things (IoT) It aims to ensure that all smart home devices speak the same language, regardless of the brand or the main ecosystem you use (Apple, Google, Amazon, Samsung, etc.). It originated within the Connectivity Standards Alliance (CSA), the same organization that promoted Zigbee, originally under the name Project CHIP (Connected Home over IP).

Instead of each manufacturer inventing their own system, Matter defines a set of common commands and rules so that any compatible device can communicate with another.It doesn't matter if you control your home with Google Home, Alexa, Apple Home or SmartThings: if the product has the Matter logo on the box or technical specifications, it should be able to work in all these ecosystems without additional hassles.

The major technology companies that dominate the smart home are behind this initiative: Google, Apple, Amazon, Samsung, IKEA, Signify (Philips Hue), Legrand, Schneider Electric and many more. Today, there are hundreds of companies integrated into the CSA, all pushing in the same direction: that you don't have to commit to just one brand or one assistant.

Matter focuses on the so-called “application layer” of the network stack. It uses the Internet Protocol (IPv6) at the network layer and TCP/UDP at the transport layer.While at the physical layer it leverages existing technologies such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and Thread. This differentiates it from Zigbee or Z-Wave, which combine physical, network, and application layers into a single, closed standard.

Furthermore, since its first stable version (Matter 1.0, released on October 4, 2022), the standard has continued to evolve. Each revision expands the categories of compatible devices, improves stability, and incorporates more advanced features. in security, pairing, and local automation.

From Matter 1.0 to Matter 2.0: the evolution of the standard

The initial version of Matter focused primarily on basic smart home categories. Matter 1.0 provided support for lights, plugs, thermostats, blinds, security sensors, locks, garage door openers, access points, bridges, TVs, and media players.It was a very powerful first step, but it left out many popular devices.

With the arrival of later versions (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5) and what is commercially known as "Matter 2.0", the standard has been expanding. The new revisions incorporate compatibility with security cameras, robot vacuum cleanersAdvanced household appliances, irrigation systems, awnings, more sophisticated blind controls, and other climate control and energy equipment.

These improvements don't just include more types of devices. Recent versions of Matter refine local communication, stability when the internet connection drops, and response speed.The pairing process has also been refined—using QR codes, NFC, or numeric codes—and the security model based on encryption and zero trust has been strengthened, something that the National Cybersecurity Institute (INCIBE) itself has positively assessed in its reviews of home IoT.

When people talk about “Matter 2.0” in specialized media and blogs, they are actually referring to This new generation of the standard is much more mature and interoperable., which leaves behind the stage in which only light bulbs and plugs were controlled and takes the leap towards comprehensive automation of homes and buildings.

In parallel, the CSA has already published and planned versions such as Matter 1.3, 1.4.1 and 1.5, aimed at further improving local performance, mass device installation and support for new categories, such as advanced cameras, more complex locks, or irrigation and shading systems.

How Matter works at a technical level: networks, layers, and devices

Unlike what many people think, Matter is not a new wireless technology like Zigbee or Z-WaveRather, it is a “common language” transmitted over existing IP networks. This means it relies on Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and Thread for the physical connection, and applies a standardized set of commands and data structures over these networks.

All Matter devices share a unified application layerThis is what allows a light bulb from one brand and a sensor from another to communicate without needing a specific translator. Communication takes place over IPv6, using TCP or UDP depending on the context (for example, status monitoring, notifications, etc.).

Regarding the underlying networks, Matter can work on:

• Wi‑Fi (IEEE 802.11): ideal for devices that need more bandwidth, such as TVs or cameras with Matter support.
• Ethernet (IEEE 802.3): perfect for fixed equipment such as hubs, bridges, routers or some connected appliances.
• Thread (IEEE 802.15.4)Wireless mesh technology designed for low-power devices (sensors, simple plugs, locks) that need low latency and good battery life.

Thread is especially interesting because It creates a mesh network where several nodes act as repeatersextending the range and increasing reliability. Mains-powered devices (sockets, relays, some switches) typically act as mesh extenders, while battery-powered devices (sensors, pushbuttons, locks) function as end devices that do not repeat signals to save energy.

For the initial setup of the devices, the following is commonly used: Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)This allows the mobile phone or hub to discover the device, configure it, and from then on, regular communications pass through Wi-Fi, Ethernet, or Thread, as appropriate.

Types of elements within a Matter network

In a Matter-based installation you can find several types of devices with very different functions. Understanding these roles helps in planning a stable network and avoiding frustrations when adding new products.

1. Matter Controller or Hub
It is the “brain” of the network. The Matter controller coordinates, configures, and manages the devicesIt's usually integrated into products like smart speakers, home automation hubs, or even modern Wi-Fi routers. You need at least one to create your network, although you can have several controllers running in parallel, a feature known as multi-management.

This controller allows you to define automations, grant permissions, link new devices, and, in many cases, connect the local network to the cloud if you want remote control outside your home. Examples of Matter controllers would be the Google Nest Hub, Apple HomePod, certain routers with Matter support, hubs like Homey Pro, or Samsung SmartThings itself..

2. Edge routers or border routers Thread
Wi-Fi/Ethernet and Thread are different networks, so Not all Matter devices can see each other directly if they use different technologies.To understand each other, a "bridge" that speaks both languages ​​is needed: the Thread border router.

These devices handle communication over both LAN (Ethernet/Wi-Fi) and Thread and allow that Thread-based Matter devices integrate with the rest of the home IP networkOften, the Matter controller itself also acts as a border router, as is the case with some recent smart speakers and advanced hubs.

3. Matter devices on LAN (Wi-Fi/Ethernet)
These are the devices that connect through the traditional local network. They can use Ethernet or Wi-Fi, but they do not participate in the Thread mesh.Typical examples: a TV with Matter, a Philips Hue bridge that exposes its lights to the standard, a certified Wi-Fi plug, or a Bosch or LG appliance with native support.

It is worth noting that, although Matter is a local protocol, These LAN devices often also connect to the internet on their own. (for example, the Philips Hue bridge that continues to communicate with the brand's servers) adding Matter functionality to its cloud capabilities.

4. Thread Mesh Network Extenders
They are devices powered by the electrical grid that They act as repeaters within the Thread meshThey forward traffic and help improve coverage and reliability, which is essential in large homes or those with many walls. They only use Thread; they don't have the ability to connect directly to the internet.

5. Thread End Devices
They are usually sensors, pushbuttons, locks or other low-power equipment powered by batteries. They connect to the mesh network but do not repeat signals to minimize energy consumptionThey are the source or destination of the data (for example, a motion sensor that activates a lighting scene).

Devices and categories compatible with Matter 1.x and 2.0

Currently, the list of device types that can work with Matter is quite extensive, and it continues to grow with each version. Specification 1.0 included:

• Light bulbs, LED strips, switches and dimmers.
• Smart plugs and sockets.
• Electronic locks.
• Thermostats and HVAC Controllers (heating, ventilation, air conditioning).
• Motorized blinds, shades and curtains.
• Home security sensors (movement, contact, smoke, CO and CO₂, etc.).
• Garage door controllers.
• Wireless access points and bridges.
• Televisions and streaming video players.

With the most recent versions (what many call Matter 2.0), Security cameras, robotic vacuum cleaners, kitchen and laundry appliances, as well as more advanced energy devices have been added.Manufacturers such as Bosch, LG, and Samsung are already working on ovens, washing machines, and refrigerators that not only send notifications but also coordinate with the rest of the house.

This opens the door to much more sophisticated scenarios: a thermostat that delays the washing machine cycle when it detects a peak in consumption, an extractor hood that activates if CO₂ levels rise, or lighting that adapts according to movement and presenceEverything is orchestrated natively between devices of different brands thanks to Matter's common language.

Still, There are still significant gapsSome advanced camera features, special motors, certain large-format appliances, and complex security systems are still outside the final specification or in early stages. The CSA and manufacturers are expanding support, but it's a gradual process.

Advantages of Matter compared to traditional home automation

Matter's main promise is interoperability, but it's not its only advantage. The standard also brings clear improvements in user experience, security, energy efficiency, and ecosystem flexibility..

Real interoperability between brands and assistants
Until now, when setting up a smart home you had to decide: Alexa, Google Home, Apple HomeKit, SmartThings… and then check one by one if the devices you were buying were compatible. With Matter, any certified product should work with all major ecosystemsso that an IKEA light bulb, an LG television, a Nuki lock, and a Google speaker can coexist without problems.

Local operation and less dependence on the cloud
One of the great frustrations of classic home automation is that If the internet went down, your house stopped being smart.Many automations used to run on remote servers. Matter changes the game: most actions are performed within your local network, without leaving home.

This not only provides greater reliability, but also greater speed. The orders go directly to the devices, without going through the cloud.And in environments with unstable connections—country houses, second homes—it's appreciated that the basic automations (lights, sensors, locks) continue to function even when the router has no internet.

Enhanced security: encryption and zero trust
The protocol has been designed following the principles of “security by design” and “zero trust”. Communications are encrypted (for example with AES) and devices must authenticate each other to accept commandsIf a device is not properly certified or does not belong to the authorized network, it cannot operate.

Organizations such as INCIBE have highlighted that This approach reduces common risks associated with IoT devicessuch as unauthorized access, unencrypted traffic, or insecure updates. However, ultimate security also depends on your home network configuration and each manufacturer's policies.

Energy efficiency and mesh networks Thread
By integrating Thread, Matter can leverage ultra-low power and low latency mesh wireless networksThread end devices can remain in sleep mode for much of the time, waking up only when they detect an event, which greatly extends battery life.

Furthermore, the very nature of the mesh makes it Each new device powered by the electrical grid can extend the coverage of the othersThis is very useful in large houses or houses with many internal walls where pure Wi-Fi falls short.

Multi-administration and freedom to combine platforms
Matter allows that multiple controllers or hubs coexist on the same networkFor example, you can have a Google speaker and an Apple HomePod managing the same devices. Each family member can use their preferred app or assistant without having to unpair and re-pair anything.

That said, to avoid going crazy, it's sensible. centralize the automation logic in a main controllerIf you distribute complex rules across multiple hubs at once, it can be difficult to know who is doing what at any given time.

Limitations and current problems of Matter

Despite all its virtues, it is not advisable to idealize Matter as if it were the ultimate magic solution. The standard is still maturing and there are several limitations to consider if you are going to design or upgrade your smart home.

Limited catalog and higher prices
Although there are more and more products, The number of native Matter devices remains lower than those based on Zigbee, Z-Wave, or other veteran protocols.In many categories, especially in the budget range, the options are still limited.

Furthermore, Devices with Matter-compatible chips tend to be somewhat more expensive. than its Zigbee or traditional Wi-Fi equivalents, at least for now. As the standard becomes more widespread and competition increases, prices are expected to adjust.

Not all product types are covered
Although the latest versions incorporate cameras, robot vacuum cleaners, and more appliances, There are many advanced features and specific categories that are not yet well defined. in the specification. This forces manufacturers to maintain their own APIs or parallel integrations.

Dependence on proprietary hubs in some cases
In theory, a Matter device should work without a branded hub, as long as you have a Matter controller at home. In practice, however, There are manufacturers who still require their own bridge (like IKEA Home Smart or Philips Hue, which continue to use Zigbee in the bulbs and bridge to Matter through their hub).

It also happens that Certain firmware updates can only be performed through the manufacturer's app and hub.not from the main Matter app in your ecosystem. This effectively keeps part of the ecosystem closed, even though there is increasing pressure to open it up.

Coexistence with other standards: Zigbee, Z-Wave, 433 MHz…
Matter doesn't completely erase everything else. Zigbee remains very strong in lighting and basic devices, Z-Wave is very popular in professional sensors, and technologies such as 433 MHz or infrared are still commonplace. for old blinds, air conditioning controls, gates, etc.

Therefore, in the short and medium term, The most practical solution is usually to have a multi-purpose hub that supports several technologies at once. (Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Z-Wave, infrared, 433 MHz, Matter, Thread…). These types of controllers serve as a “glue” between the new world of Matter and the enormous installed base of previous devices.

What you need to start using Matter 2.0 in your home

Normally, if you already have a partially automated home, Part of the path to Matter may already be complete without you knowing it.Many speakers, smart displays, and routers have received software updates that enable compatibility with the standard.

To take advantage of Matter, you will basically need:

• A Matter-compatible controller or hubIt could be a Google Nest speaker, an Apple HomePod, an Alexa-enabled device, a SmartThings hub, a dedicated hub like the Homey Pro, etc.
• A moderately modern router or home network: that manages internal IP traffic well and, optionally, integrates support for Thread or allows adding a compatible border router.
• At least one Matter certified device: a light bulb, a plug, a sensor, a lock, a television, a compatible appliance, etc.

To find out if a product is compatible, The easiest way is to look for the Matter logo on the box or in the technical specifications.If you buy online, it usually appears in the features section or under the labels “Works with Matter” or “Compatible with Matter”.

The registration process is fairly consistent across platforms: Scan a QR code or enter a numeric code that identifies the device and allows a secure connection to be established.From there, you can control it from your favorite app (Google Home, Apple Home, Alexa, SmartThings…) without additional steps of linking cloud accounts, as was the case before.

Keep in mind that if you want to take advantage of Thread devices (especially sensors and battery-powered elements), You need your Matter controller to also act as a Thread border router, or you need to add a device that fulfills that role.Many modern hubs already integrate this function, but it's worth checking the specifications.

Creating Matter devices: a view from the manufacturer's side

From the perspective of a product designer, Matter also represents a significant change. Instead of developing a separate integration for each ecosystem (Google, Apple, Amazon…)Simply implement the Matter stack correctly and certify the device with the CSA to ensure compatibility with all major drivers.

This reduces costs in the medium term, although the initial effort may be highThe hardware must have a suitable radio (Wi-Fi or Thread, usually combined with BLE for startup), sufficient processing power, and memory to run the Matter software stack.

Google, Apple, and other players provide SDKs and tools to facilitate development, in addition to open source reference implementations which manufacturers can adapt. In Google's case, Matter routes are integrated alongside existing cloud integrations, allowing a brand to evolve progressively without breaking what it already has in production.

Evidently Not all types of products are yet fully covered by the standardTherefore, manufacturers should assess whether they are interested in migrating to the Matter ecosystem now or waiting for future revisions of the specification to better cover their use case.

In any case, the great advantage is that A single development based on Matter opens the door to all certified ecosystems, instead of having to maintain separate firmware branches and support for each platform.

Home automation Matter today and trends for the coming years

The current situation can be described as a phase of coexistence. Matter is establishing itself as the leading interoperability standard, but it shares the spotlight with already well-established technologies.And millions of previous devices will continue to work for many more years.

In the short term, we will see more and more bridges that “translate” between Zigbee, Z-Wave and MatterThis allows older lights, sensors, and actuators to participate in automations alongside new, native Matter devices. Brands like Philips Hue, IKEA, Aqara, and Xiaomi are already moving in this direction.

In the medium term, successive versions of the standard will incorporating categories that are currently absent or incomplete, such as advanced cameras, specific motors, smart irrigation, or deep integration with domestic and building energy systemsEverything suggests that European regulations on efficient housing and energy management will further promote mandatory interoperability.

If you're starting from scratch in home automation, it makes a lot of sense to opt for native Matter devices, provided the catalog fits your needs. You will reduce bureaucratic hurdles, gain in simplicity, and make better use of the advantages of local operation and multi-administration..

If you already have a system set up, perhaps the most sensible thing to do is to follow a hybrid strategy: Retain what works via Zigbee or Z-Wave, add a multi-purpose hub that supports Matter and other technologies, and gradually upgrade to certified devices when it makes economic and technical sense.

Ultimately, Matter 2.0 represents the most serious step yet towards a truly unified smart home, where brands and platforms cease to be barriers and become interchangeable options.It still suffers from limitations, dependencies on proprietary hubs, and an expanding catalog, but each update brings it closer to that scenario where you simply plug something in, scan it, and it works seamlessly with the rest of your home.